Malcolm X An African American Pioneer - 1403 Words

Malcolm X was an African-American pioneer and conspicuous figure in the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X verbalized ideas of race pride and dark patriotism in the 1950s and 60s. Conceived on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska, Malcolm X was a noticeable dark patriot pioneer who served as a representative for the Nation of Islam amid the 1950s and 60s. Because of his endeavors, the Nation of Islam developed from a simple 400 individuals at the time he was discharged from jail in 1952 to 40,000 individuals by 1960. Expressive, enthusiastic and a normally skilled and moving speaker, Malcolm X urged blacks to push off the shackles of prejudice by any methods important, including brutality. The searing social liberties pioneer broke with the gathering instantly before his death, February 21, 1965, at the Audubon Ballroom in Manhattan, where he had been get ready to convey a discourse. Malcolm X was conceived Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolm was the fourth of eight youngsters destined to Louise, a homemaker, and Earl Little, an evangelist who was likewise a dynamic individual from the nearby part of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and eager supporter of dark patriot pioneer Marcus Garvey. Because of Earl Little s social liberties activism, the family confronted regular badgering from white supremacist gatherings, for example, the Ku Klux Klan and one of its fragment groups, the Black Legion. Truth be told, Malcolm X had his first experienceShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King And Malcolm X1171 Words   |  5 Pages Martin Luther King and Malcolm X were pioneers in America’s Civil Rights Movement, with the goal of protecting and developing the black community. They wanted to achieve the same goal but, with very different approaches. While King was more of the â€Å"peaceful protesting† type, X was the †Å"eye for an eye† type, in the beginning of his journey. Both of these men demanded respect and acquired it. Their wives Coretta Scott King and Betty Dean Sanders took over their legacies after their passingRead MoreMartin Luther King And Malcolm X988 Words   |  4 Pagesreminder for why African Americans are here and why the way we are today. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X are two very great examples and representations for this. What people do not realize is that there are a lot of similarities and differences between Malcolm and Martin. Martin was born and raised as a middle classes men and was extremely educated. On the other hand, Malcolm was not raised like Malcolm at all. Malcolm grew up in a deplorable environment and no school was around for Malcolm. MartinRead MoreRacism Is The Conviction Of The Demise Of More Than 62 Million Individuals2483 Words   |  10 Pageseffect on history than any other structure. Prejudice is a one of the greatest reason for suicide, one tenth of individuals who commit suicide in a year are people of color people. Racism has changed many people s views towards white people as well. Malcolm X s life was changed due to bigotry. Prejudice was the motivation behind his becoming into a vagrant and why his jail sentence was extended. His perspective of white people changed and as a result of it found out about Islam. This exposition willRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech1805 Words   |  8 Pages1963, social equality extremist Martin Luther King, Jr. conveyed a standout amongst the most popular talks in American history. His I Have a Dream discourse was planned to motivate the 250,000 individuals at the Washington, D.C., rally and past to consider a world in which high contrast kids could learn and becom e together. The message served as a main impetus in propelling political pioneers and subject activists to push for more prominent balance and a conclusion to isolation. Temperament is an abstractRead MoreMartin Luther King, Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, The Black Panthers Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Luther King , Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, The Black Panthers All These Names Sound Familiar Because They Were Very Powerful People And Will Never Be Forgotten. In The History Of The United States There Have Been Many Social Changes That Have Happened. The Civil Rights Movement Of The 1960 s Was A Standout Amongst The Most Critical And Imperative For The Balance Surprisingly. After The Nullification of Servitude In 1863, There Had Been A Ceaseless Clash Between The Races Of Individuals WhoRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Martin Luther King Jr, as Opposed to Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Dubois and Malcom X2045 Words   |  9 PagesThe Influence of One Man After slavery was abolished, African Americans worked to integrate into mainstream American society. During the twentieth century many African American civil rights leaders led the African American civil rights movement. All of them had different ideas and approaches to further improve the status for the African American individual in attempt to gain civil equality. The pioneer civil rights leaders of the twentieth century were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois. TheirRead More Aime Cesaires A Tempest Clarifies Shakespeares The Tempest1683 Words   |  7 Pagesintellectuals, reflects an important and comprehensive reaction to the colonial situation of European colonization (Carlberg).   This movement, which influenced Africans as well as blacks around the world, specifically rejects the political, social, and moral domination of the West.  Ã‚   Leopold Senghor, Leon Damas, and Aime Cesaire are the three pioneers of the revolution.   The founder who expresses his ideas more broadly, though, is Cesaire, who uses literary works to express his viewpoint on colonizationRead MoreMaya Angelou994 Words   |  4 Pagesall the odds. During her childhood, she absorbed the faith and values of a traditional African American family such as love and respect for one another. She refused to back down from a challenge. She provides an excellent example of a strong, confident African American woman. She is not ashamed of where she came from. Her upbringings have helped shape the woman she is today. She is proud to be an African American woman in a time when black women are being degraded in all forms. She is a glowing exampleRead MoreThe Southern Manifesto By Howard Smith1009 Words   |  5 Pagesof dark transport travelers and the common noncompliance of Rosa Parks, and after that legitimized the peaceful dissent by speaking to African-American Christian confidence in adoration and equity and the American fair convention of lawful challenge (Gottheimer, 1955). The Civil Rights Movement Almost 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans in Southern states still occupied a starkly unequal universe of disappointment, isolation and different types of abuse, including race-enlivenedRead MoreThurgood Marshall Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesThurgood Marshall was a great African American Civil Rights activist who changed a lot of lives in the United States. As a passionate lawyer and prominent Supreme Court justice he fought for Civil Rights and social justice in the courts and believed that racial integration is best for all schools. Very early in his professional life Marshall broke down racial barriers and overcame resistance despite the odds. He then became a role model of the disciplined leader, although he didn’t have the

The Ethics Of Medical Expenses - 1861 Words

It is common for individuals in the United States to deduct surgeries as medical expense. Whether they claim the surgery to be a legitimate medical condition that needs to be treated or in some cases professionals will deduct their surgery as business expense. Profession is defined as a paid occupation that is involved in training and formal qualification. It is the skills that he or she has that are engaged in a specific activity, as the individual is using the skill to be competent in performing the activity. According to  ¶ 1506 of the Federal Tax Handbook it explains that business expense is when â€Å"Individuals, corporations and other taxpayers generally can deduct ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred during the tax year in carrying on any trade or business† However, the issue that arises is that the Tax Handbook does not clearly define what requires one to be a business or what the limits are for a individual or business to claim a medical expense to be deductible. It explains in  ¶ K-2400 that medical expenses are paid during the taxable year which are deductible, this is regardless of the event or incident or event which occasioned the expenses occurred and regardless of the method of accounting by the taxpayer. In IRC 213 it explains that deductible medical expenses are paid for the diagnosis cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease or the purpose of affecting any structure or function of the body. It is the physicians discretion to decideShow MoreRelatedInmates and Organ Transplants: An Ethical Dilemma Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s medical field there is a profuse amount of room for ethical questioning concerning any procedure performed by a medical professional. According to the book Law Ethics for Medical Careers, by Karen Judson and Carlene Harrison, ethics is defined as the standards of behavior, developed as a result of one’s concept of right and wrong (Judson, Harrison, 2010). With that in mind, organ transplants for inmates has become a subject in which many people are asking questions as to whether itRead MoreCase Analysis : Hewsen Chemical Inc.1229 Words   |  5 PagesSatina Tuladhar Dr. Makkawi ACCT 406.101 10/19/14 Ethics Case: Articview Hewsen Chemical Inc. is a small, privately-held producer of specialty chemicals used in testing labs and other manufacturing firms. Mary Benninger got a position as controller and office manager at Hewsen Chemical. After working for few years, Mary started to notice some unethical behavior of her supervisors. Mary seeks advice of her old friend Tom Chu on how she should react to the unethical things taking place inside theRead MoreChallenges Facing The Health Care Industry1626 Words   |  7 Pagesdemographic changes of aging population and professional providers responsibilities to practice within the code of ethics. A solution is recommended to each challenge in healthcare with suggestion of more research needed to improve quality care performance, avoid workers shortage crisis and strategy to decrease health care expenses. Keywords: quality care, ethics, demographic, health reform, aging Future challenges in health care Introduction One ofRead MoreThe Ethics Of Public Health863 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to the ethic of public health and medical health, they hold two totally different definitions. The ethics of public health is when the focus is more on the freedoms of privacy and actions, as long as they do not harm others.â€Å"In public health ethics, autonomy, the right of privacy, and freedom of action are recognized in so far as they do not result in harm to others† (Williams Torrens, 2008). When considering medical ethics the focus on the concerns of individuals and their libertiesRead MoreCase Analysis : Incident At Morales1189 Words   |  5 Pages1. Incident at Morales â€Å"Incident at Morales† is a video that presents an engineering ethics story. It was developed and produced by the National Institute for Engineering Ethics, in conjunction with Murdough center for Engineering Professionalism at Texas Tech University. In addition to this, a lot of funding came from other companies, engineering universities, societies, as well as individual contributors. The main focus of this video is the ethical responsibilities that engineers have to face alongRead MoreHealthcare Accounting Principles and Ethics1160 Words   |  5 PagesNon-Compensation: Precise details of the financial information should be represented, and auditors should not attempt to compensate a debt with an asset, a revenue with an expense, etc. Principle of Prudence: Prudence is an accounting principle that ensures assets and income are not exaggerated and that liabilities and expenses are not underreported. Principle of Continuity: One should assume while reporting financial information, business will not be interrupted. This principle accepts thatRead MoreThe Case Of Marguerite M Presents An Ethical Dilemma889 Words   |  4 PagesThe case of Marguerite M presents an ethical dilemma. Medical ethics play a special role in medicine and is directly concerned with its practice. Its role has continued to evolve as changes develop in medicine with new technology, financing and medical care. Furthermore, medical ethics considers the virtues of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice among some of its most respected. Physicians are sworn to non-maleficence, or to first do no harm. Their work is to help others, beneficenceRead MoreWhy is Having Medical Benefits Important?857 Words   |  4 PagesMedical benefits have been a popular conversation that has received positive and negative feedback. Why is having medical benefits important? Important to you and your family. Medical benefits can assist with families when in need and also financially hurt families that do not have assistance. Most citizens have the question of should having medical benefits be mandated by Congress. Having insurance benefits is a necessity because it means that if an accident was to occur and it required a hospitalRead MoreEuthanasia Is Morally Permissible?850 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia, as defined by many philosophers, should only be morally permissible in certain circumstances where it benefits the one who dies. It is a widely held belief that an act of euthanasia aims at benefiting the one who dies. Using Kantian ethics as a model, one can determine that: It is morally permissible to engage in voluntary acts of euthanasia; it is morally permissible to engage in acts of nonvoluntary euthanasia, and; it is never morally permissible to engage in acts of involuntary euthanasiaRead MoreEthical Principles in the Medical Field1063 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Ethics Patients should be treated with respect and politely since they are in a fragile state and more so, they have their own right as an individual. It is the duty of a caregiver or anyone responsible for his /her health to do anything in order to promote the patients health. Therefore, it is wrong for somebody taking care of a patient, to burden or impose strenuous activities on him/her. In this case, the first thing to do after learning of the events which has taken place in you absence

Purchasing Management Acquisition of Products

Question: Discuss about thePurchasing ManagementforAcquisition of Products. Answer: In todays competitive environment the progressive firms like Sheng Siong tries to maintain product quality and competitive price. The product quality increases the customer satisfaction. The purchasing managers have selected the suppliers based on their capabilities. The current aim of the purchase managers is to increase the efficient suppliers base. As stated by Spina et al. (2013), the purchasing manager has selected the suppliers based on those who continually outperform the competition. The purchasing managers have carefully analyzed and evaluated the demand of the customers. The professional purchasing managers of Sheng Siong have realized the importance of good and healthy food products and the value-added capacity of the suppliers. It has been noticed that selection of suppliers has become a competitive weapon for increasing business and maintaining customer satisfaction. As stated by Luzzini et al. (2012), the purchasing managers have to implement strategic partnership with the suppliers. Introduction: The purchasing manager manages the acquisition of products as per the requirement of the organization. As stated by Barney (2012), the purchasing managers select the suppliers. They are also responsible for managing issues and implementing new strategies to reduce the purchasing cost. It has been observed that the purchasing managers have implemented an information communication strategy for enhancing the purchasing operation and management (Weele Raaij, 2014). In this assignment, the criteria for selecting suppliers and the issues regarding the suppliers have been discussed. The implemented information and communication technology system for purchasing operation has been described. The purchasing cost analysis has been conducted for implementing the appropriate tools. Sheng Siong is the third largest chain retail organization in Singapore (Weele Raaij, 2014). This organization was founded in 1985 (shengsiong.com, 2016). The organization has already expanded their business and opened 40 stores in Singapore. The organization has the largest grocery and fresh food supermarkets retailing chain in Singapore (Spina et al., 2013). The organization sells grocery products, food products and ready to eat products (Barney, 2012). It has been observed that the organization has collected the products directly from the manufacturers. The purchasing managers have divided the product segment into three different categories such as featured items, newest items and best selling items. NTUC FairPrice Co-operative Pte Ltd is the main market competitor of Sheng Siong. NTUC has more than 33% market share in Singapore (Spina et al., 2013). On the other hand, the 24 hours store open strategy has increased the popularity of NTUC (Luzzini et al., 2012). It has been observ ed that Sheng Siong has implemented a new distribution centre in Mandai Link to increase the operational efficiency. It has been observed that the Mandai Link Distribution centre has increased their productive capacity (Monczka et al., 2015). The organization has also implemented a warehouse product processing unit and needs product distributional centers to sell larger quantities of goods and thereby earn greater benefits (Weele Raaij, 2014). Therefore, the aim of the organization is to reduce the food waste in other stages of the supply chain and improve the relation with suppliers for better business operation. Suppliers Selection Criteria and Issues: Figure 1: strategic partnership (Source: Spina et al., 2013) Issues: As stated by Monczka et al. (2015), the core capabilities are not identified by all business organizations proficiently. It has been observed that most of the inhouse decisions of the customers are taken by considering the capabilities and capacities. It has been observed that the consumer organizations take higher time for analyzing the value of the strategic business partners or the consultants (Walker Jones, 2012). It has been observed that the organization was unable torecognize that the products or services offered by them are approaching to maturity. The purchasing managers of Sheng Siong have observed that the competitors have attracted the customers with new technology and new food items. Therefore, the purchasing managers have to implement the key factors to make or buy success. The purchasing managers have to perform in a rationalized assessment of the organizations capabilities (Hartmann, Kerkfeld Henke, 2012). The purchasing managers have to evaluate the alternative strategic partnership arrangements. After evaluating the vendor companies, the purchasing managers have to select the appropriate suppliers (Luzzini et al., 2012). The purchasing managers have to evaluate the requirement of the organization and the customers and instruct the suppliers to supply those products. The purchasing managers have to specify the product attributes. They also need to forecast the expected requirements. The purchasing managers have to ensure right quality food product at a reasonable price. As opined by Priem and Swink, (2012), every business section should understand about the individual activities which have major impacts on overall strategy execution of the firm. It has been observed that factors like purchasing activities, supply chain management, and production controlling are linked together under the overall business process. Therefore product outsourcing is the responsibility of the purchasing managers (Pooler Pooler, 2012). It has been observed that purchasing managers have managed the supply chain management process. The basis of the supply chain management is the idea of efficient coordination of the resources and teamwork. The purchasing managers have to maintain the buyers and suppliers relationship for uninterrupted supply of fresh and good quality foo d and grocery items (Monczka et al., 2015). Information and Communication Technology for Purchasing Operation: As stated by Tate, Ellram and Dooley, (2012), purchasing is a service function in the organization. The fundamental objective of the purchasing department is to provide good products at minimum price. It has been observed that the purchasing goal has been implemented by the purchase managers through two different evaluation processes such as general evolution and audit evaluation. It has been observed that purchase managers have implemented the general evaluation process by observing the needs of the organization (Schoenherr et al., 2012). It has been observed that the organization has implemented a happy family product segment to attract the customers. Such a type of marketing strategy has increased the demand of the products like rice, oil, sugar and daily grocery items. Therefore the purchase managers have observed that the organization has not maintained a perfect demand and supply ratio with their existing suppliers. Therefore, the purchasing managers have to involve some new su ppliers or vendor organizations to maintain the demand and supply balance (Luzzini et al., 2012). The purchasing managers have observed that purchasing goals of the organization include good and fresh product quality, reasonable price and on-time delivery. The purchasing managers have to understand the additional cost of expending the procurement. As stated by Ashby, A., Leat and Hudson-Smith, (2012), higher product price will reduce the customer satisfaction. On the other hand, the cost of failure will create excessive stock piling. As argued by Priem and Swink, (2012), the cost of failure may make the business obsolete. The purchasing manager has to measure the efficiency of the purchasing department. It has been observed that Sheng Siong has faced a product related problem (Luzzini et al., 2012). The management has failed to identify any problem but it dissatisfaction among customers is observed. The management has received numerous complaints regarding the quality and price of grocery (Chicksand et al., 2012). Therefore the purchasing manager has planned to evaluate the requi rement of the organization before suppliers involvement. ICT for Purchasing Management: It has been observed that the information and communication technology helps the purchasing managers in different aspects such as collecting information, evolution, communicate with sales department communicates with interested sellers and as well as market analysis. As stated by Giunipero, Hooker and Denslow (2012), the marketing managers have observed the changing trends of the Singapore market through the social networking sites. It has been found that the purchasing managers have taken the help of active communication systems to communicate with the sales managers and the administrative team while finalizing the deal with suppliers (Weele Raaij, 2014). Thus, the purchasing managers have to take the help of information technology and communication systems for their purchasing activities. The purchasing managers would need to implement information technology for analyzing the review report. Additionally, the purchasing managers have to implement the Business-To-Business E-Commerce software system (Barney, 2012). This particular software will help in streamlining the process of purchasing and improve the way of international communication. On the other hand, efficient database software will be used by the purchasing managers which are able to provide exact outputs which can be used as the inputs of the supply chain management system. As stated by Green et al., (2012), the relation between the purchasing and ICT will help the purchasing managers choosing the suppliers or sellers of foods and grocery items. Purchasing Cost Analysis: It has been observed that the purchasing managers have implemented the purchase cost analysis with an aim to make an audit report on that. The purchasing cost analysis depends on the purchasing goals and requirements of the organization. As stated by Priem and Swink (2012), the purchasing goal of a retail organization is to purchase the good quality products in a reasonable price from the seller organizations. The purchasing managers of Sheng Siong have observed that the food and grocery products require more awareness than regular products. On the other hand, the purchasing managers will also anticipate the purchasing price of the food products and grocery items (Giunipero, Hooker Denslow, 2012). It has been observed that the retail organizations have not stored the packaged foods for a long time. On the other hand, the retail organizations have preserved the products in antibacterial freezers and chillers which are highly cost effective. Therefore the purchasing team has to select the food items according to their market demand and quality (Chicksand et al., 2012). The purchasing manager has to evaluate the reports of the quality department with respect to particular items before signing the contract. It has been observed that the popular food and grocery retail organizations have purchased the items in large quantities and are made to stock with many available sources. However, the large organizations have high brand value and are confident to store large amounts of grocery items but this is not the same with the the small or medium retail organization, as they have to choose items which lead to the future success of the organization (Ashby, Leat Hudson-Smith, 2012). It has been observed that the some grocery retail organizations have preferred low price products and the repetitive buyers are their target customer segment. However, Sheng Siong is a large food items and grocery retailer in Singapore. Therefore the purchase managers would preserve the goods for future. As stated by Schoenherr et al. (2012), 60% suppliers have provided huge discounts on bulk orders. Therefore, the purchasing process will be cost efficient for the organization. As stated by Tate, Ellram and Dooley ( 2012), more than 80% organizations are interested in long-term capital investments because it would provide better stability in the business. Therefore the administrative team of Sheng Siong needs to support the purchasing managers to implement the long term investment on the purchasing process. The purchasing managers need to understand some specific factors for implementing a new purchasing strategy. The purchasing managers need to coordinate with the user department for identifying the perfect products (Pooler Pooler, 2012). The purchasing managers have to identify the potential suppliers for the firm. The purchasing managers have to conduct the proper market study for identifying the correct grocery items. The purchasing managers have to evaluate the proposals of the suppliers. After that the purchasing managers have to implement the cost analysis based on the purchase cost and sales profit. As stated by Hartmann, Kerkfeld and Henke, (2012), the purchasing managers have to evaluate the past issues of the suppliers. Thereafter, the purchasing managers have to arrange a meeting among the sales manager, suppliers and purchase managers for final negotiation (Walker Jones, 2012). After finalizing the purchase price, the purchasing managers them communicates the same to the administrators. Finally, the administrators take decision about the purchasing procedures of the purchasing managers. Conclusion: This report is based on the purchasing procedures of Sheng Siong and the operations of the purchasing managers. It has been observed that Sheng Siong tries to maintain the product quality and competitive price. The product quality increases the customer satisfaction. The purchasing managers have selected the suppliers based on their capabilities. The purchasing managers have implemented their strategy to improve the purchasing operations. However, it has been observed that the organization has faced some product related issues in the past few years. Therefore, the purchasing managers have to implement the strategic partnership strategy for selecting the sellers. The purchasing managers of Sheng Siong have observed that competitors have attracted the customers with new technology and new food items. The purchasing managers have to implement the new information technology for analyzing the purchase goals of the organization. Communication helps the purchasing managers in sending inform ation to the sellers and the administrators. The purchasing cost analysis will help the purchase managers to evaluate the purchasing goals of the retail organization which is to purchase good quality products at a reasonable price from the seller organizations. Reference list: Ashby, A., Leat, M., Hudson-Smith, M. (2012). Making connections: a review of supply chain management and sustainability literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), 497-516. Barney, J. B. (2012). Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based theory.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 3-6. Chicksand, D., Watson, G., Walker, H., Radnor, Z., Johnston, R. (2012). Theoretical perspectives in purchasing and supply chain management: an analysis of the literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(4), 454-472. Giunipero, L. C., Hooker, R. E., Denslow, D. (2012). Purchasing and supply management sustainability: Drivers and barriers.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,18(4), 258-269. Green Jr, K. W., Zelbst, P. J., Meacham, J., Bhadauria, V. S. (2012). Green supply chain management practices: impact on performance.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(3), 290-305. Hartmann, E., Kerkfeld, D., Henke, M. (2012). Top and bottom line relevance of purchasing and supply management.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,18(1), 22-34. Luzzini, D., Caniato, F., Ronchi, S., Spina, G. (2012). A transaction costs approach to purchasing portfolio management.International Journal of Operations Production Management,32(9), 1015-1042. Monczka, R., Handfield, R., Giunipero, L., Patterson, J. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Pooler, D. J., Pooler, V. H. (2012).Purchasing and supply management: creating the vision. Springer Science Business Media. Priem, R. L., Swink, M. (2012). A demandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ side perspective on supply chain management.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 7-13. Schoenherr, T., Modi, S. B., Benton, W. C., Carter, C. R., Choi, T. Y., Larson, P. D., ... Wagner, S. M. (2012). Research opportunities in purchasing and supply management.International Journal of Production Research,50(16), 4556-4579. shengsiong.com,. (2016).Sheng Siong.Shengsiong.com.sg. Retrieved 10 June 2016, from https://www.shengsiong.com.sg/ Spina, G., Caniato, F., Luzzini, D., Ronchi, S. (2013). Past, present and future trends of purchasing and supply management: An extensive literature review.Industrial Marketing Management,42(8), 1202-1212. Tate, W. L., Ellram, L. M., Dooley, K. J. (2012). Environmental purchasing and supplier management (EPSM): Theory and practice.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,18(3), 173-188. Walker, H., Jones, N. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(1), 15-28. Weele, A. J., Raaij, E. M. (2014). The future of purchasing and supply management research: About relevance and rigor.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(1), 56-72.

The Evolution Of The Microprocessor Essays (2131 words)

The Evolution Of The Microprocessor The Evolution Of The Microprocessor Only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such a device that changes the way we work, live, and play is a special one, indeed. The Microprocessor has been around since 1971 years, but in the last few years it has changed the American calculators to video games and computers (Givone 1). Many microprocessors have been manufactured for all sorts of products; some have succeeded and some have not. This paper will discuss the evolution and history of the most prominent 16 and 32 bit microprocessors in the microcomputer and how they are similar to and different from each other. Because microprocessors are a subject that most people cannot relate to and do not know much about, this paragraph will introduce some of the terms that will be in- volved in the subsequent paragraphs. Throughout the paper the 16-bit and 32-bit mi- croprocessors are compared and contrasted. The number 16 in the 16-bit microproces- sor refers how many registers there are or how much storage is available for the mi- croprocessor (Aumiaux, 3). The microprocessor has a memory address such as A16, and at this address the specific commands to the microprocessor are stored in the memory of the computer (Aumiaux, 3). So with the 16-bit microprocessor there are 576 places to store data. With the 32-bit microprocessor there are twice as many places to store data making the microprocessor faster. Another common term which is mentioned frequently in the paper is the oscil- lator or the time at which the processors"clock" ticks. The oscillator is the pace maker for the microprocessor which tells what frequency the microprocessor can proc- ess information, this value is measured in Mega-hertz or MHz. A nanosecond is a measurement of time in a processor, or a billionth of a second. This is used to measure the time it takes for the computer to execute an instructions, other wise knows as a cy- cle. There are many different types of companies of which all have their own family of processors. Since the individual processors in the families were developed over a fairly long period of time, it is hard to distinguish which processors were introduced in order. This paper will mention the families of processors in no particular order. The first microprocessor that will be discussed is the family of microprocessors called the 9900 series manufactured by Texas Instruments during the mid-70s and was developed from the architecture of the 900 minicomputer series (Titus, 178). There were five dif- ferent actual microprocessors that were designed in this family, they were the TMS9900, TMS9980A, TMS9981, TMS9985, and the TMS9940. The TMS9900 was the first of these microprocessors so the next four of the microprocessors where simply variations of the TMS9900 (Titus, 178). The 9900 series microprocessors runs with 64K memory and besides the fact that the 9900 is a 16-bit microprocessor, only 15 of the address memory circuits are in use (Titus, 179). The 16th address is used for the computer to distinguish between word and data functions (Titus, 179. The 9900 series microprocessors runs from 300 nanoseconds to 500 ns from 2MHz to 3.3MHz and even some variations of the original microprocessor where made to go up to 4MHz (Avtar, 115). The next microprocessor that will be discussed is the LSI-11 which was pro- duced from the structural plans of the PDP-11 minicomputer family. There are three microprocessors in the LSI-11 family they are the LSI-11, LSI-11/2, and the much im- proved over the others is the LSI-11/32 (Titus, 131). The big difference between the LSI-11 family of microprocessors and other similar microprocessors of its kind is they have the instruction codes of a microcomputer but since the LSI-11 microprocessor originated from the PDP-11 family it is a multi-microprocessor (Avtar, 207). The fact that the LSI-11 microprocessor is a multi-microprocessor means that many other mi- croprocessors are used in conjunction with the LSI-11 to function properly (Avtar, 207). The LSI-11 microprocessor has a direct processing speed of 16-bit word and 7- bit data, however the improved LSI-11/22 can directly process 64-bit data (Titus, 131). The average time that the LSI-11 and LSI-11/2 process at are 380 nanoseconds, while the LSI-11/23 is clocked at 300 nanoseconds (Titus, 132). There are some great strengths that lie in the LSI-11 family, some of which are the efficient way at which the microprocessor processes and the ability to run minicomputer software which leads to great hardware support (Avtar, 179). Although there are many strengths to the LSI- 11 family there are a couple of weaknesses, they have limited memory and the slow- ness of speed at which the LSI-11 processes at (Avtar, 179). The next major microprocessors in the microcomputing industry were the Z8001 and Z8002, however when the microprocessor entered into the market the term Z8000 was used to mean either or both of

To what extent did the Cold War play a role in the 1950s in catalyzing the Iranian revolution in 1979

To what extent did the Cold War play a role in the 1950s in catalyzing the Iranian revolution in 1979 Introduction The cold war is a historical event that took place between1945 to 1960. This is a period where there was an intense conflict between the nations in the Soviet Union (communist nations) and the democratic nations (for example, United States of America). The war is perceived to have started because the democratic nations and the communist’s nations had two different systems of government and neither of the two governments could compromise theirs to follow another (Gasiorowski 1998, 6).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on To what extent did the Cold War play a role in the 1950s in catalyzing the Iranian revolution in 1979? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other factors that contributed to the war include; economic indifference where U.S wanted the world to practice free trade while the Soviet union wanted nothing to do with international trade, the power rivalry where each of the nations wanted to dominate the other, another cause of the war was that the Russians, a member of the Soviet Union had extended Its influence to Europe which displeased many politicians in the united states advocating for the resistance against Russian expansion. It was then in 1947 when the United States secretary of state, George Marshall announced that the United States would aid in the regaining of a well economic trend in the world but laid conditions that implied the European countries that were to get their aid from U.S would have to disclose their economic records to the united states a move that the Soviet union regarded as intrusion of states affair. Together with many other factors the Soviet Union declined U.S offer but America, Britain and other nations got together to form the military alliances that resulted to the cold war. When it came to Middle East, the Americans and British had their own reason to not favor the influence of the Russian spreading across the region. Britain and t he United States had certain interests on the Iranian soil including the oilfields. To prevent Iran from falling into the hands of the USSR and to recover the oil company, the British and Americans responded by helping in the coup. The Iranian coup de tat of 1953 set the stage for this Islamic revolution that would come twenty six years later. When the weak Mosaddeq’s government nationalized a British oil company, Afterwards in 1979, the virulent anti American Islamic regime ousted the Shah, who was an American sympathizer. It is thus practical enough to hypothesize that the coup, brought about by the cold war (Amuzegar 1991, 28; Curtis 2007). Iranian revolution is also called the Islamic revolution. It can also be referred to as the 1979 revolution. 1979 is the year which the Iranian monarch was ended by the emergence of the Islamic Republic. This phenomenon was preceded by demonstration against the monarch in the year 1978 (Ruud 2008, 454).Advertising Looking for re search paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main difference with this revolution and other world revolutions was that this revolution was not caused by normal factors like the under privileged classes opposing oppression from the elite class of people nor was it because of issues of inequality, but it was seen different from other revolutions experienced there before in countries like France and the US. This revolution was supported by the whole society from the rich to the poor all these people revolted against their own state governance (Iran Chamber Society, 2010). Despite this lack of customary causes, the revolution resulted into rigorous changes within a short time. It was a massive and popular revolution that ended up toppling the system of monarch led by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Thus, the revolution oversaw the replacement of the modernizing monarch by a theocracy. It is therefore believed that the cold war was a recipe for the Islamic revolution. Summary of the evidence This study tries to explain how the major superpowers who were once allies during the Second World War influenced the emergence of the Iranian revolution. As a matter of fact, the end of the Second World War was a precursor to the beginning of the cold war. As already stated, Cold War started as a result of hostile relationships between the United States of America and the former USSR. The conflict arose due to issues related to sharing the plunder of the Second World War. Since Iran was one of the victims of the plunder, the United States wanted to avoid the fall of Iran into Russia’s hands. The U.S. and Britain strengthened their interests in Iranian oil by overthrowing the democratically elected civil government and helping an American friendly government seize control of Iran. By doing this, Americans were trying to spread their influence into Iranian soil thereby blocking the USSR influence (Nayeri Nasab 2006, 7). However, more than two decades after, the Iranian government faced strong rebellion because of its monarch system and the anti-American movements, in 1979; the same government of the Shah was overthrown by the Iranian revolution that oversaw the reinstatement of a religious system of governance that persists up to date (Houghton 2001, 74). The Iranian coup de tat of 1953 The Americans and the British joined in the cold war in order to have control over the Iranians oil, because at the set time the Russians were gaining control over Iranian oil fields (Gottfried 2003, 18). Mosaddeq and his colleagues wanted to attain a complete oil independence to establish a lasting democratic government in Iran. This objective was obliterated by the 1953 coup de tat that was carried out by a combination of domestic and foreign forces. The 1953 coup marked the first important turning point in post war Iranian history (Gasiorowski Byrne 2004, 11).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on To what extent did the Cold War play a role in the 1950s in catalyzing the Iranian revolution in 1979? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After Iranian Prime minister, Mohammad Mossadegh, was ousted from office, Shah Pahlavi assumed his position. Shah Pahlavi was actively involved in the coup of 1953. He was a pro-American figure who received a lot of support from the United States in return. After the Iranian coup, he began projects that aimed at westernizing Iran in all sectors including academic institutions. The shah wanted the universities to follow after the highly esteemed United States universities. The 1960’s saw the adoption import substitution industrialization approach to development. Enormous efforts were being made to industrialize Iran by building factories to ensure that goods no longer had to be imported to Iran. Thus, he wanted the goods to be produced within its borders (Wagner, H. 46) . As a result, there were several huge construction projects that were launched in Tehran. Roads, dams, railways, airports and hospitals were built because of this initiative. Oil output also increased, thereby guaranteeing greater revenue for Iran. To expound on the success of the Shah’s ambitious project, Iran was able to rise from the smallest oil producing and exporting country in 1960, during the formation of OPEC, to one of the largest in 1967. The shah saw Iran’s oil as a way for the country to change the global political dynamics (Hogan 1992, 153; Kinzer 2008, 59). His strength of leadership was obliterated after the Islamic revolution that oversaw his downfall. Evaluation of sources During the research of the study, a number of reference books were used including other reference material like the periodicals in the internet, and journals about Iranians Revolution among others. Specifically, from an online periodical titled â€Å"MacroHistory and world report: The Iranian revolution† the author has cited the precise happenings dates as to why and how the revolution took place in Iran. The article has elaborated profoundly the happenings before up to the time the revolution was said to have taken place at a point the author states, â€Å"After returning to power in 1954, the shah launched an effort to modernize Iran economically and socially. He was seeking to balance his increase in power with changes, which would be favored by the normal Iran people.† Another reference material used was the Encyclopedia of the Cold War, Volume 1 that clearly brings out the facts about Iranian revolution. The book is written in simple English that as a reader I was able to understand it very well. It defines the historic times events between 1945 and 1991 when the United States was in collusion with a group of nations that dominated world politics the USSR.Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From this reading, discussions of how states joined together to act against the other in way to show who was more superior are clearly brought out it also examines how nations continuous anxiety arose, widened and eventually calmed down. The author of the book is keen to note the time line of each occurring event: â€Å"The 1960s and 1970s saw significant rise in the observance of religion in part as a reaction to Shah’s reforms whish directly targeted the clergy and the core supporters† (Wagner 2010, 53). He also examines the military (CIA) efforts that contributed to the success of the coup that heard planned on including the diplomatic help from states that saw Iran not falling into Russians’ hands together with the evolution of the political arrears in Iran not forgetting its impact to the people of Iran. Using a geopolitical style of writing, the author is able to capture the readers attention to try and help the reader get to know the perspective of all th e nations that participated in the cold war. From the two sources it is clear that as a researcher, is well equipped to analyze whether the Cold War had any impact to the revolution of Iran. The accounts produced were meaning full to the coming up with the study above. Without the referencing over the accounts mentioned in the study, the events would be seen as unclear occurrences that leaves a reader having doubts as to whether the events that have been mentioned are true or just a story has been made up (Macrohistory and world report, 2011). Analysis When doing the research going through the historical context is quite important as the researcher gathers information and facts necessary to support the research question. When using a historical context, one needs to note the precise dates to establish the sequence of events instead of having vague dates. Knowing the historical background of an event from a historical context makes it easier to analyze the event thoroughly and more a ccurately. Hence, by considering historical context during a study it means there is essential balanced view to critically analyze the event or happening since there is enough evidence to prove it’s a true happening and the information present is usually needed for its restoration. The analysis of a historical context forms the base of the study conducted. Conclusion The cold war between Russia, the United States and Britain, and the Mosaddeq government played a major role in the onset of the 1953 Iranian coup that led to the subsequent downfall of the Shah Pahlavi’s government and the revolution of Iran came to birth. Pahlavi was a pro-American figure who had good diplomatic relationship with the United States. As a result the United States through the CIA helped the Shah oust Mosaddeq from the prime minister’s position through an organized institutional coup. The main reason for this action was because Mosaddeq’s government had nationalized British prop erty. Mosaddeq’s government was also weak and the U.S. and Britain feared that Iran would fall into Russia’s hands. Shah Pahlavi succeeded in the coup and engaged in major infrastructural and economic developments. However, not every Iranian citizen benefited from his projects. Consequently, students started demonstrating thereby paving way for stronger anti-Shah campaigns. The Americans overlooked the strength of these anti-Shah protests. Mainly who were the conservative Shiite Muslims who wanted their nation to be governed using Islamic Law. This led to the Islamic revolution that oversaw the ousting of the Shah in 1979. The revolution in 1979 had been supported for by practically every person in the Iranian society. Though during that time there were conflicts within some Muslims groups to mention: Islamic tendencies that included Islamists, Marxist-Islamic and democratic-Islamic and Marxist-Leninist tendencies that included fada’I, Tudeh, Maoist, and others this conflict was seen not to be major as compared to the Shahs rule that they wanted to over through. These groups did not let their conflicts deter them from overthrowing Shahs governance. Instead, they united together in efforts to bring down the Shahs governance and overthrowing the state. Although there were several Muslims who were of no particular tendencies, they were also said to participate in the overthrowing of Shahs governance in Iran. These people were regarded as the modern middleclass people who single solidly objected the removal of shah but were threatened to be accused of treason if they didn’t join the rest of their Muslim brothers in removing Shah from power. References Amuzegar, J., 1991. The Dynamics of the Iranian Revolution: The Pahlavis’ Triumph And Tragedy. New York: State University of New York Press. Curtis, M., 2007. The Coup in Iran, 1953. WordPress. Available through: http://markcurtis.wordpress.com/2007/02/12/the-coup-in-iran-1953/ . Ga siorowski, M. Byrne, M., 2004. Mohammad Mosaddeo and the 1953 Coup in Iran. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. Gasiorowski, M., 1998. The 1953 coup de tat in Iran. Department of political sciences, Louisiana State University. Available through: http://iran.sa.utoronto.ca/coup/web_files/markcoup.html . Gottfried, T., 2003. The cold war: the rise and fall of the Soviet Union. Brookfield, Connecticut: Twenty first century books. Hogan, M., 1992. The End of the Cold War: Its Meaning and Implications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Houghton, D., 2001. US Foreign Policy and the Iranian Hostage Crisis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Iran Chamber Society, 2010. A Short Account of 1953 Coup. Iran Chamber Society. Available through iranchamber.com/history/coup53/coup53p3.php . Kinzer, S. 2008. All the Shah’s Men: an American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Macrohistory and world report, 2011. The Iranian revolution. Macrohistor y and world report. Available through: fsmitha.com . Nayeri, K. Nasab, A., 2006. The Rise and fall of the 1979 Iranian Revolution: Its Lessons for Today. Google Documents. Available through: https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:nMpiJqS5On0J:bibliotecavirtual.clacso.org.ar/ar/libros/cuba/if/marx/documentos/22/The%2520rise%2520and%2520fall%2520of%2520the%25201979.pdf+Nayeri,+Kamran+%26+Nasab,+Alireza.+The+rise+and+fall+of+the+1979+Iranian+revolution:+its+lessons+for+today.+March+31,+2006hl=engl=kepid=blsrcid=ADGEESio-Q0ParYr79ilCh68C71tLmuyCSiDi8Vc3Ffyuze0ofy6zhyVU-kT42UDEdrUQXSa7q-n_TOehoQdoGXZ0d4NCeEvfTa6sUwYGQg6GDVg8tU3olW7y2KctzJQ6GKV6Z2vpvk3sig=AHIEtbTqSpYaZaCfMwkKbRtJNuWcM2dk6Q . Ruud van D., 2008. Encyclopedia of the Cold War, volume 1. Philadelphia, PA: Tailor Francis. Wagner, H., 2010. The Iranian Revolution. New York: Infobase Publishing.

Dónde tomar clases gratis para el examen de ciudadanía

Dà ³nde tomar clases gratis para el examen de ciudadanà ­a Los residentes permanentes legales pueden tomar clases gratis con numerosas organizaciones para estudiar los exmenes de inglà ©s y de conocimientos histà ³ricos y cà ­vicos, los cuales forman parte de los requisitos para adquirir la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por el trmite de la  naturalizacià ³n. En este artà ­culo se listan 40 organizaciones - y sus respectivos nà ºmeros telefà ³nicos- ubicadas en los 12  estados con mayor poblacià ³n latina que brindan gratuitamente clases para la ciudadanà ­a. Adems, muchas de ellas tambià ©n ayudan para completar el formulario N-400, con el cual se inicia la tramitacià ³n de la solicitud de la naturalizacià ³n.   Los migrantes que residen en otros estados encontrarn, al final de este artà ­culo, un telà ©fono al que pueden marcar desde cualquier parte de Estados Unidos para solicitar informacià ³n sobre organizaciones locales que prestan este servicio. Finalmente, antes de presentar este documento se recomienda a todos los residentes permanentes verificar si califican para no pagar la tarifa correspondiente que, en la actualidad, es de $725, incluidos los $85 de la toma de los datos biomà ©tricos.  ¿Donde tomar clases gratis para examen de ciudadanà ­a? Todas las organizaciones que se listan a continuacià ³n forman parte de la campaà ±a para Nuevos Ciudadanos Americanos, liderada  por el Immigrant Legal Resource Center y del que forman parte asociaciones sin fines de lucro, fundaciones, organizaciones religiosas y despachos de abogados. Las organizaciones religiosas en este listado atienden a todos los migrantes;  es decir, no es necesario practicar su religià ³n para recibir este tipo de ayuda. Arizona International Rescue Committee. Tel: 602-433-2440Chicanos por la Causa. Tel: 602-257-0700. E-mail: infocplc.orgPromise ArizonaFriendly House. Tel: 602-416-7210. E-mail: evelynsfriendlyhouse.org, a la atencià ³n de Evelyn SenzCampesinos sin Frontera. Tel: 928-627-5995. En el condado de Yuma California Immigrant Legal Resource Center en el rea de Central Valley. Tel: 415-255-9499NALEO Educational Fund en la zona de Los AngelesInstituto Internacional del Area de la Bahà ­a, en zona de San Francisco. Tel. 415-538-8100 ext. 206Public Law Center, en el rea del condado de Orange. Tel: 714-541-1010Ready Now San Diego, en el rea de San Diego. Tel: 619-363-3423Services Immigrant Rights Educational Services, zona de Sillicon Valley. Tel: 408-453-3017 Carolina del Norte Carolina Refugee Resettlement Program. Tel: 704-535-8803  Insteep. Tel: 919-680-8000. Email: infoinstepp.orgLa Coalicià ³n. Tel: 888-839-8682. Cobra una pequeà ±a tarifa. Colorado Puede contactar a Colorado Immigrants Rights Coalition en: Denver.  Tel: 303-922-2244Montrose. Tel:970-249-4115 Florida Brevard Hispanic Center. Tel: 321-802-9516. Zona de Palm BayCatholic Legal Services. Tel: 305-372-1073 (Downtown Miami) y 305-887-8333 (Doral)Hispanic Services Council. Tel: 813-936-7700. TampaJustice Shall Be for All. Tel: 407-556-5955. Email: infojusticeshallbeforall.org. KissimmeeRedlands Christian Migrant Association. Tel: 800-282-6540. Area de Immokalee Georgia Catholic Charities of Atlanta. Tel: 770-790-3104GALEO. Tel: 885-54GALEOLatin American Association. Tel: 404-638-1800 (Atlanta), 404-702-0271 (Athens), 678-205-1018 (Lawrenceville)New American Pathways. Tel: 404-299-6099. Afiliada con el Church World Service and Episcopal Migration Ministries.Oficina del alcalde de Atlanta para Asuntos Migratorios. Email: welcomingatlantaatlantaga.gov Illinois Esperanza Legal Assistant Center. Tel: 309-732-0047Hispanic American Community Education and Services. Tel: 847-244-0300. Email: infohaces.orgIllinois Coalition for Immigrant and Refugee Rights. Tel: 855-435-7693 Nueva York Catholic Migration Services. Tel: 728-236-3000 (Brooklyn), 347-472-3500 (Queens)CUNY Citizenship Now. Tel: 646-664-9400Dominicanos USA. Tel: 718-665-0400. Email: contactdominicanosusa.orgMake the Road New York. Tel: 718-418-7690Northern Manhattan Coalition for Immigrant Rights. Tel: 212-781-0355Oficina del Alcalde de Nueva York para Asuntos Migratorios. Tel: 212-788-7654Oficina del Estado de Nueva York para Nuevos Americanos. Tel: 1-800-566-7636 Nueva Jersey Make the Road New Jersey. Tel: 908-768-4991 Nuevo Mà ©xico New Mexico State University. Tel: 575-234-9280 (Carlsbad)Catholic Charities brinda ayuda a bajo costo en 2010 Bridge SW (Albuquerque) y en 1234 San Felipe Ave (Santa Fe) Texas American Gateways. Tel: 512-478-046, ext. 200 (Austin), 210-521-4768, ext. 232/233 (San Antonio), y 512-387-2650 (Waco)Catholic Charities of Dallas. Tel: 214-634-7182Catholic Charities of Galveston and Houston. Tel: 713-526-4611Proyecto Inmigrante. Tel: 888-793-2182. Oficinas en Dallas, Fort Worth y Wichita Falls Washington Colectiva Legal del Pueblo. Tel: 206-931-1514. Email: infocolectivalegal.orgOficina de Seattle para Inmigrantes y Refugiados. Tel: 202-727-8515.One America. Realizan Dà ­as de la Ciudadanà ­a por todo el estado. Adems, desde todos los estados se puede marcar a la Asociacià ³n Nacional de Oficiales Latinos Electos  (NALEO, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) al 888-839-8682. Esta là ­nea se atiende en inglà ©s y en espaà ±ol y se ofrece informacià ³n sobre otros centros cercanos adonde se puede acudir para solicitar ayuda en la preparacià ³n de los exmenes de inglà ©s, historia y conocimientos cà ­vicos para sacar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n. Recursos en là ­nea para preparar el examen para la ciudadanà ­a Los residentes permanentes que consideren que es suficiente si estudian por sà ­ mismos, pueden practicar el examen en la pgina de la organizacià ³n Citizenship Works o en la pgina de UScitizenshipsupport.com. En ambas pginas se informa sobre las 100 preguntas de conocimientos cà ­vicos e historia que pueden ser preguntadas y tambià ©n se brindan tips memorà ­sticas para facilitar recordar las respuestas correctas el dà ­a del examen. Tambià ©n se ofrece informacià ³n prctica sobre quà © esperar el dà ­a de la entrevista y examen. Asimismo, en la pgina del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) se brinda material para practicar el examen cà ­vico y el de inglà ©s. Es de interà ©s verificar siempre esta pgina porque actualiza posibles cambios a las preguntas. Por ejemplo, los nombres del presidente, vicepresidente,  partido en el gobierno y representantes locales ante el Congreso. Informacià ³n prctica sobre el examen para ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n Como regla general, actualmente la cita para presentarse al examen de inglà ©s y conocimientos histà ³ricos y cà ­vicos tiene lugar entre 6 y 8 meses despuà ©s de la presentacià ³n de los papeles. El examen, salvo casos excepcionales por edad o enfermedad o discapacidad, deber rendirse siempre y en inglà ©s. El mismo dà ­a tiene lugar la entrevista.   Si el migrante reprueba el examen, deber repetirlo. USCIS enviar una carta con una nueva cita entre 60 y 90 dà ­as despuà ©s.  Si de nuevo reprueba, la peticià ³n de naturalizacià ³n se negar y se deber iniciar desde cero un nuevo proceso de naturalizacià ³n y pagar una nueva tarifa. Por el contrario, si el migrante pasa el examen y la entrevista, como regla general jurar como ciudadano estadounidense entre 1 y 4 semanas despuà ©s de haber aprobado dicho examen. Es recomendable no viajar fuera de Estados Unidos desde la fecha en la que se aprueba el examen y la de juramentacià ³n y, si se hace, que sea por un corto periodo de tiempo. Finalmente, a la hora de adquirir la nacionalidad americana es  importante conocer las ventajas y derechos que se adquieren con esta ciudadanà ­a. Uno de los beneficios no muy conocido es que en promedio los ciudadanos ganan a lo largo de su vida laboral un 11 por ciento ms que los residentes permanentes legales.   Tambià ©n se puede votar en elecciones federales. Para ejercer el derecho al voto es necesario registrarse previamente segà ºn las leyes del estado en el que se reside. Puntos Clave: clases gratis para la ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n. Los residentes permanentes legales pueden nacionalizarse y adquirir la ciudadanà ­a  estadounidense mediante el trmite de la naturalizacià ³n.Los exmenes de inglà ©s leà ­do y escrito y de conocimientos histà ³ricos y cà ­vicos es parte del trmite de naturalizacià ³n.Numerosas organizaciones brindan clases gratis para ayudar a los migrantes a aprobar dichos  exmenes.NALEO Educational Fund es la coordinara nacional de muchas de  esas organizaciones a travà ©s de la Campaà ±a Citizenship Works. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Spiritual and Cultural Considerations in Primary Care Assignment

Spiritual and Cultural Considerations in Primary Care - Assignment Example Similar with the Asian American culture, Hispanic American also believe that health can be attained by maintaining balance between the hot and cold and the wet and dry forces. Illness results when God punished Hispanic Americans for their sin, when feeling of susto (fright) occur, when someone throws a mal ojo (evil eye), and envidia (envy)(De Laune, 2006, p. 394). Hispanic Americans used Spanish or Portuguese and other dialects in communication process. They are verbally expressive and used dramatic body language to express emotions and pain. However, Hispanic Americans view direct confrontation and expression of negative feelings as disrespectful. When communicating with a Hispanic American, one can observe the comfort in close proximity, overly tactile communication such as frequent handshakes and enbrace, and the value Hispanic Americans have for the presence of others. Hispanic Americans value modesty and politeness in speaking and are presently oriented. However, time for Hispa nic American is flexible. The role of the family in the primary care might be used in dealing with Hispanic Americans as they prioritize first the need of the families before the individual needs. Nuclear family is the basic unit but highly regarded extended family. Gender roles are also evident in the Hispanic American culture and man performs the role of decision maker and breadwinner while the woman is the home maker and care taker. Review of Literature Healthcare Concerns and Beliefs Health care concerns and beliefs of many Hispanics have affected the predisposing diseases of their race and access to the use of health services. Hispanic diet, lack of health insurance, transportation, culture, and linguistic are some of the identified concerns of most researchers among Hispanics that needs to be addressed. Hispanic dietary preferences differ from other culture. Existing research suggests that Hispanic diet has greater percentage of carbohydrates, protein, and fiber, and lower percentage of total and satura ted fat (Loria, Bush, Carroll, Looker, McDowell, Johnson, &Sempos, 1995, n.p.).Thus, Hispanics are more apt to meet the cholesterol education program. However, majority of the Hispanics suffer from obesity which is one of the most important health problems they are facing today. Aside from dietary preferences, Hispanics also lack sufficient access to health services particularly because of financial, structural, and personal barriers. Lack of health insurance and low income among Hispanics constitute the financial barriers. Structural barriers include proximity and transportation to the health providers and personal barriers include cultural and linguistic factors. In addition, Hispanics are less likely to consult a primary care’s advice primarily because Hispanics believe that having a disease is a punishment from God. For example, a child suddenly has fever after the parents brought the child to the park. Following Hispanic culture, this child was thrown a mal ojo (evil eye ) by a stranger. Hispanics are known for being religious and spiritual-driven. Hispanics belief on God and evil forces are

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 28

Response - Essay Example Amusing enough there has never been a record of a buffalo infecting cattle with brucellosis. Webster is concerned about the animals where she lives. This is the reason she is against individuals building their big houses where the animals live. She says,† The home builders are as large a danger to wildlife just as hunters are." She is not concerned as much with homebuilders that construct what they require for their family; rather she is more concerned with homebuilders who are overbuilding. Even when they are educated concerning what they are doing, the homebuilders keep wrecking the animals habitat. Other than teaching the home builders, the main other move activists can make is by asking the administration to establishing moratorium on building permits. She requests Americans to wind up more dependable with their activities and asks Americans to change their dialect. Webster believes that Americans substitute the words "harvest" with "slaughter" and "environment" with "home, they will embrace the habit of conserving the environment for the wild animals instead of harming them and exploiting their habitat. in response to The Fashion Punk Paradox by Andrew Hyde, the author tries to portray the real picture in the united states in the course of the instabilities of the time. The united state had experiences enormous and dangerous activities in fight for mutual understanding. Responding to the book, "Warfare Is Only an Invention-Not a Biological Necessity by Margaret Mead." The author discharged the conception that war is the inevitable consequence of â€Å"basic, competitive, aggressive, warring human nature." Her theory is challenged, she illustrated, by the plain fact that not all societies wage war. For instance, she utters that war has never been experimental among a Himalayan people called the Lepchas or the Eskimos. Actuality, neither of these groups, when questioned by early ethnographers, was

Fruit Wine Making Essay Example for Free

Fruit Wine Making Essay Grape is not the only fruit which we can make good-quality wine. Natives fruits such as cashew (kasoy), duhat, pineapple, guava, banana and bignay can be also processed into good wine. Other less familiar, yet excellent sources of wine are lipote, balubat and katuria. The lipote resembles the duhat, except for its round shape and black skin. Its white flesh become sweet when ripe and it also known as duhat matsing. Another native fruit, the balubat, is like siniguelas, green when unripe and reddish-orange when mature. It has white flesh with seeds like that of prunes and taste very sour even when ripe. The katurai is similar to the tiessa, green when unripe and yellow when ripe. Its flesh is yellow and sour with seeds like those of nangka. It is also have plenty of latex, a sticky juice. Preparation. The fruits should be sweet enough; otherwise, add cane sugar to the ingredients. Make sure the fruits are ripe and free from bruises and diseases. Wash the fruit very well and peel if necessary. Crush or mash to extract the juice. Use a fruit press or crush by hand and then strain the juice through a strong piece of cheesecloth. Add water twice the a month of the extracted juice, then add sugar if necessary. Pasteurization. Pasteurize the juice using the double boiler. This may consist of a kettle that can be placed within a much bigger kettle containing water. Prepare cheesecloth or any filter cloth, a spoon and a container for the pasteurized juice. Clean and sterilize all these boiling water before using. Filter the juice into the small boiler and place inside the bigger boiler. Put water in the bigger one up to the level of the juice. Heat the set-up at 63 degree Celsius for 30 minutes, or at 72 degree Celsius for 15 seconds. Gently stir while heating. afterwards, cool the juice immediately by exposing the container to cold running water. Stir the juice continuously, until sufficient cool. Add a pinch of baker’s yeast or commercial yeast preparation which is commonly sold in the grocery stores. Aging the wine. In a glass or enameled container, place the mixture and then cover with piece of cloth. after about 48 hours, transfer to a wooden barrel (preferably oak) or a demijohn (garapon). Plug holes with cotton and keep the barrel or container undisturbed in a darkquite place for about three months. After this period, heat the wine in a steam bath to a temperature of 50 degrees to 60 degree Celsius. Do this by exposing the container to steam. Add well-beaten eggwhite, about five cubic centimeters (cc) of eggwhite for every one liter of wine, stir and then cool. Filter the mixture and throw out the residue. Afterwards, heat the wine at 80 degree Celsius for 20 minutes. Make sure that the aged wine looks clear before putting in clean, sterilized bottles. Use a siphon to transfer the wine.

Online Reporting, Discussion, Activism and Emerging Democracies :: Internet Blogs Communities Politics

Online Reporting, Discussion, Activism and Emerging Democracies In the rise to prominence of weblogs and other social software, Jim Moore and Joi Ito see a fundamental transformation in how people act, interact and make decisions. In essays first published in 2003 - Jim Moore's The Second Superpower Rears Its Beautiful Head[1] and Joi Ito's Emergent Democracy[2] - they paint hopeful, if sometimes vague, pictures of how Internet communities can show us techniques and tactics that could radically change real-world politics. Where I'm uncomfortable with both essays is the fact that they extrapolate from the behavior of the people currently using the Internet to make generalizations about how a larger world might use these tools. My work for the past few years, helping spread information technology in developing nations, has convinced me that technology transfer is much more complicated than bringing tools to people who previously lacked them. I think it's worth taking a close look at what happens when we try to include the developing world in the models Ito and Moore put forward - in other words, "Is there room for the third world in the second superpower?" Moore's Second Superpower suggests that a group of people are changing democracy by using a three-part model for social engagement - collect information, comment and debate, then act. These three steps are all being transformed by new technologies. While we continue to be informed by mass media, we're also getting information from alternative media, published cheaply on the Net, and from personal accounts in weblogs. We're debating and commenting in entirely new ways, enabled by weblogs, discussion groups, instant messaging and mailing lists. And we're discovering that these tools also make some forms of action more efficient: fundraising, protesting, and organizing face to face "meetups". Ito's Emergent Democracy focuses on the third, "action" phase, and suggests that forms of decision-making emerging from the world of weblogs might lead to a viable form of direct democracy. In the way that ideas percolate from personal networks, to social networks, to large, political networks, reinforced by positive feedback loops, Joi sees a possible path for decision-making to move from individual thinking to group action. While Moore and Ito have justifiable enthusiasm about the phenomena we're seeing emerge from interconnected communities - the growth of weblogs as an alternative to "mainstream" media, the success of grassroots campaigning in the United States - this enthusiasm needs to be tempered by some skepticism about who is currently using social software, and who has potential to use it.

Adapting the Unfamiliar… Through Translation.

Adapting the Unfamiliar†¦ through Translation. Marjorie Agosin (born June 15, 1955). Source: Wikipedia. 07/12/2012 Komal Shah Eng. 101C- 24 R. C. Muniz 333 Adapting the Unfamiliar†¦ through Translation. By Komal Shah. Change†¦ is a very powerful and emotionally supercharged word. It is inevitable and the process of becoming different.The inspiring narrative, Always living in Spanish,  by Dr. Marjorie Agosin, originally written in Spanish, tells of Dr. Agosin’s Chilean childhood and her continuing struggle to embrace the change that came with moving to America. â€Å"Destiny and the always ambiguous nature of history continued my family’s enforced migration†¦ (Agosin, 22)† she states. Her story uses personal details to bring her childhood in Chile to life. It is her clear love for her people and the constant battle to not let go of her identity that inspires her poetry all of which is written in Spanish.For her, like many others, writing a nd thinking in Spanish is a â€Å"gesture of survival† through her journey from Chile to Georgia, as from her Chilean childhood to American adulthood. Philosophers often say that it is important to find yourself, to identify who you are. But the self is not something one finds, it is something one creates through the process of change. The Encarta Dictionary: English (North America) defines identity as â€Å"the name or essential character that identifies somebody or something† (def. 1). We all have sets of characteristics that we recognize as belonging uniquely to ourselves.This constitutes his or her individual personality for life. The concept of identity in Dr. Agosin's essay is shown best when she states â€Å"Daily, I felt the need to translate myself for the strangers living all around me, to tell them why we were in Georgia, why we are different, why we had fled, why my accent was so thick, and why I did not look Hispanic. Only at night, writing poems in Spani sh, could I return to my senses, and soothe my own sorrow over what I had left behind. †(Agosin, 22) For a while Marjorie was at a loss; the loss of the familiar, and more importantly, the loss of her identity.She found a way to reconnect herself with her identity by doing something that reminded her of language, culture and history she was born with. Bringing all of her characteristics together in a consolidated place where she can let go and just remember herself as she is intact with her identity. In America, when we hear someone’s poor spoken English with a thick accent or when we see someone not getting an American Sarcasm, we may not know what their ethnicity is, but we are sure that the person is an outsider.That is because of the shape of someone’s identity is by the usage and understanding of a language. A Korean- American novelist, Chang-Rae Lee narrates this thought particularly well in her short story Mute in English-only World. She talks about her Ko rean mother’s mental struggle in an English speaking world by saying, â€Å"In Korean she could be fiery, stern, deeply funny, and ironic, in English just slightly less so† (Lee, 801). All languages have their distinct ways of expressing happiness, sadness and other feelings.Those differences decide how one translates themselves in the society they live in. As Dr. Agosin says, â€Å"Translators are not traitors, as the proverb says, but rather splendid friends in this great human community of language† (Agosin, 24). It is hard to adapt and accept the changes that language barriers bring to our lives when we leave our homes. But that is what brings us one step closure to our true selves and how we were made.Despite of more than seven billion of our own kind on the planet earth, there are times we feel shipwrecked and alone when we are away from the familiar, because as a social animal we have grouped ourselves into ethnicity, cultures and countries. It is where w e currently are that has to be our new home away from home. We all secretly desire a perfect life, a perfect family or a perfect boss. After all if a pair of shoes wouldn’t have changed Cinderella’s life then she would be one of us. She would have moved for a better life, learned English, and gotten a better job with a healthcare package.CITATIONS Agosin, Marjorie. â€Å"Always Living in Spanish: Recovering the Familiar through Language. †Ã‚  The Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings and Handbook 2nd Edition. New York: W. W. Norton ;, 2009. 21-24. Print. Lee, Chang-Rae. â€Å"Mute in an Enlgish-Only World. †Ã‚  Everything's an Arguement. 4th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007. 800-02. Print. â€Å"Encarta Dictionary(Online College Dictionary)Review. †Ã‚  Encarta Dictionary (Online College Dictionary). N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 July 2012. ;http://www. really-learn-english. com/encarta-dictionary-online-college-dictionary. html;.

Child Labor: negative impacts on the society Essay

The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimates there are about 12 million children engaged at work in India. This is an alarming statistic. Thesis – Not only is child labor, a violation of law to the rights of children, it is also Potentially damaging the education. Reflection on the economy. Causing health issues. Body Paragraph 1: child labor is detriment to education. Lack of education in childhood causes future unemployment. â€Å"Child labor is a hazard to a child’s mental physical, social, educational, emotional and spiritual development† (Virk, 2013). Adulthood unemployment. Declined literacy rate. Body Paragraph 2: socio-Economics problem. Futures of the economic countries very much depend on this valuable asset. â€Å"Child labor is a product of economic necessity and economic distress† (Virk, 2013). Poverty forces parents to send their children to work. Body Paragraph 3: Introduction of health problems. Existence of significant health effect. â€Å"If families are insufficiently aware of the hazards, health, or if prevailing societal attitudes are tolerant of child labor, children are again less likely to be directed towards classroom rather than the workplace† (Virk, 2012). Experiences greater morbidity and mortality. Also impacts the psychological hazards, like isolation, abuse, exploitation. Conclusion: Child labor has extremely issues. Detriment to the Education of Children. Negative impact on Economy of the developing countries. Poverty related health problems. References Virk, S. k. (2013). Child labour in India: A Socio-Economic problem; legal remedies and solution. AJRSH, 3(5), 56-63. Retrieved May 2, 2013, from the Journal of Asian Research Consortium database. world report on child labour (pp. 11-26). (2013). child labour and economic vulnerability. geneva: international labour office.

Free Essays on Social Classes

Social Classes have always been a part of society. Whether or not we choose to admit it, every one of us is a prejudiced against other classes. Many years ago, African-American people were used as slaves because it was assumed that were lower class just because they were different in color. Today, I see a black man who looks like is from a â€Å"ghetto† and I am a little scared. Scared not because he is black but because most Caucasian people were raised to fear what society decided is the lower class. Class and racism are two closely related social issues. In â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† by Richard Connell, General Zaroff kills â€Å"lascars, blacks, Chinese, whites, mongrels† he says, â€Å"a thoroughbred horse is worth more than the score of them† (67). He killed them because he thought they so much lower class the he that they deserved to be hunted. They were thrown to the dogs for his entertainment. Not everyone is out to kill other social classes, however, most of us do not want to mingle with the other social classes either. It is not just the upper class that keeps the lower classes in their â€Å"place.† Many people choose to accept being thought of as lower class because it is easier to adopt what they already know, rather than working to hard to reach the upper class. In â€Å"The Lesson† by Cade Bambarn (210), the children are born into poor, lower class families. Throughout the story Miss Moore tries to show them a glimpse of the upper class life, hoping to inspire the children to strive to one day be upper class citizens. She offers these glimpses by taking the children to a fancy toy store. These days this role is filled by school field trips, sports, and after school programs. But is it enough? Many children are not being taught the â€Å"lesson.† Many people believe that class is a relative issue; you are whatever class you think you are. That does not appear to be the case. One cannot simply think... Free Essays on Social Classes Free Essays on Social Classes Social Classes have always been a part of society. Whether or not we choose to admit it, every one of us is a prejudiced against other classes. Many years ago, African-American people were used as slaves because it was assumed that were lower class just because they were different in color. Today, I see a black man who looks like is from a â€Å"ghetto† and I am a little scared. Scared not because he is black but because most Caucasian people were raised to fear what society decided is the lower class. Class and racism are two closely related social issues. In â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† by Richard Connell, General Zaroff kills â€Å"lascars, blacks, Chinese, whites, mongrels† he says, â€Å"a thoroughbred horse is worth more than the score of them† (67). He killed them because he thought they so much lower class the he that they deserved to be hunted. They were thrown to the dogs for his entertainment. Not everyone is out to kill other social classes, however, most of us do not want to mingle with the other social classes either. It is not just the upper class that keeps the lower classes in their â€Å"place.† Many people choose to accept being thought of as lower class because it is easier to adopt what they already know, rather than working to hard to reach the upper class. In â€Å"The Lesson† by Cade Bambarn (210), the children are born into poor, lower class families. Throughout the story Miss Moore tries to show them a glimpse of the upper class life, hoping to inspire the children to strive to one day be upper class citizens. She offers these glimpses by taking the children to a fancy toy store. These days this role is filled by school field trips, sports, and after school programs. But is it enough? Many children are not being taught the â€Å"lesson.† Many people believe that class is a relative issue; you are whatever class you think you are. That does not appear to be the case. One cannot simply think...

Making a Doctors Appointment - ESL Dialogue

Making a Doctor's Appointment - ESL Dialogue Read the following dialogue with a partner to learn important vocabulary used for making doctors appointments. Practice this dialogue with a friend to help you feel confident when you next make an appointment in English. Check your understanding with the quiz and review vocabulary.   Role Play: Making a Doctors Appointment Doctors Assistant: Good morning, Doctor Jensens office. How may I help you?Patient: Hello, Id like to make an appointment to see Doctor Jensen, please. Doctors Assistant:  Have you been in to see Doctor Jensen before?Patient: Yes, I have. I had a physical last year. Doctors Assistant:  Fine, what is your name?Patient:  Maria Sanchez. Doctors Assistant:  Thank you, Ms. Sanchez, let me pull up your file... Okay, Ive located your information. Whats the reason for your making an appointment?Patient: I havent been feeling very well lately. Doctors Assistant:  Do you need urgent care?Patient: No, not necessarily, but Id like to see the doctor soon. Doctors Assistant:   Of course, how about next Monday? Theres a slot available at 10 in the morning.Patient: Im afraid Im working at 10. Is there anything available after three? Doctors Assistant:  Let me see. Not on Monday, but we have a three oclock opening next Wednesday. Would you like to come in then?Patient: Yes, next Wednesday at three would be great. Doctors Assistant:   All right, Ill pencil you in for three oclock next Wednesday.Patient: Thank you for your help. Doctors Assistant: Youre welcome. Well see you next week. Goodbye.Patient: Goodbye. Key Making an Appointment Phrases Make an appointment: schedule a time to see the doctorHave you been in before?: used to ask if the patient has seen the doctor beforePhysical (examination:  yearly check-up to see if everything is okay.Pull up a file: find a patients informationNot feeling very well: feel ill or sickUrgent care: similar to an emergency room, but for everyday problemsA slot:  an available time to make an appointmentIs there anything open?:  used to check if there is an available time for an appointmentPencil someone in:  to schedule an appointment True or False? Decide whether the following statements are true or false:   Ms. Sanchez has never seen Doctor Jensen.Ms. Sanchez had a physical examination with Doctor Jensen last year.The doctors assistant already has the file open.Ms. Sanchez is feeling fine these days.Ms. Sanchez needs urgent care.She cant come in for a morning appointment.  Ms. Sanchez schedules an appointment for next week. Answers:   FalseTrueFalseFalseFalseTrueTrue Preparing for your Appointment Once youve made an appointment youll need to make sure youre prepared for your doctors visit. Here is a short overview of what youll need in the United States. Insurance / Medicaid / Medicare Card In the US doctors have medical billing specialists whose job it is to bill the correct insurance provider. There are many insurance providers in the US, so its essential to bring your insurance card. If you are over 65, you probably will need your Medicare card. Cash, Check or Credit/Debit Card to Pay for Co-payment Many insurance companies require a co-payment which represents a small portion of the total bill. Co-payments can be as little as $5 for some medicines, and as much as 20 percent  or more of larger bills. Make sure to check with your insurance provider for much information on co-payments in your individual insurance plan as these vary widely. Bring some form of payment to your appointment to take care of your co-pay. Medication List Its important for your doctor to know which medications you take. Bring a list of all medications that you currently take. Key Vocabulary Medical billing specialist:  (noun) a person who processes charges to insurance companiesInsurance provider:  (noun) company that insurances people for their health care needsMedicare:  (noun) a form of insurance in the US for people over 65Co-payment / co-pay:  (noun) partial payment of your medical billMedication:  (noun) medicine True or False? Co-payments are payments made by the insurance company to the doctor to pay for your medical appointments.Medical billing specialists will help you deal with insurance companies.Everyone in the US can take advantage of Medicare.Its a good idea to bring a list of your medications to a doctors appointment. Answers: False - patients are responsible for co-payments.True - medical billing specialists specialize in working with insurance companies.False - Medicare is national insurance for those over 65.True - its important for your doctor to know which medications you are taking.   If you need English for medical purposes you should know about troubling symptoms  and  joint pain,  as well as  pain that comes and goes.  If you work in a pharmacy, its a good idea to practice talking about  prescriptions.  All medical staff might be faced with a patient who is  feeling queasy  and how to  help  a patient.

GLOBAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

GLOBAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT - Essay Example The second component would be economic, which encompasses cost of production, currency exchange rates, and cost of capital. The third component is the social environment, which encompasses social change and global convergence. The fourth component is the technological environment, which encompasses global technology scanning and technology clusters and the spread of the Internet (Mellahi, 2005, pp. 37-49). Furthermore, another way of analyzing it would be examining the external environment according to Porter’s Five Forces. These forces would be 1) rivalry – how intense is the rivalry/competition among the firms in the industry? 2) buyers – how much power do buyer have? What can be done to neutralize their power? 3) new entrants – how easy or difficult is it to enter the industry? How can entry barriers be erected? 4) suppliers - How much power do suppliers have? What accounts for their power? What can be done to neutralize their power? and 5) substitutes - are there substitute products or services? What effect do these substitutes have? (Ungson & Wong, 2008, p. 59). For the PEST analysis, it is clear that one of the external drivers for this business is the global recession. ... Therefore, the buyers for the products will have more leverage to negotiate. Moreover, this also plays into Porter’s five forces at the supplier level. Weak economies would indicate that suppliers will not have as much power as in a good economy, due to the fact that buyers have more power. Thus, in these economies that are weak, Air Products will also be weak. This is shown in the fact that Air Products is facing pricing pressures, and there is excess in the manufacturing facilities, unanticipated contract terminations and project delays. Moreover, there is competition and the inability of the company to compete effectively, which affects sales and financial performance. This plays into the economic aspect of the PEST analysis and the rivalry arm of the Porter’s five forces analysis. The reason why this implicates the economic aspect of the PEST analysis is that the economics of the different countries is the reason for the inability to compete, and rivalry because riv alry with other countries is the external driver that is implicated by the competition. Also implicated in Porter’s Five Forces is the threat of substitutes, for these rivals might produce products that can be a substitute for the products Air Products produces, and these substitutes might be less expensive, which would further cut into Air Products’ market share. The other external force is the fact that there is a shortage of raw materials, and there are increased costs in energy sources. This implicates the economic end of the PEST analysis, because one of the aspects of the economic end of the PEST analysis is the cost of production. Obviously, a shortage of raw materials or the fact that these raw materials are increasing in price affects the cost of production.

PS Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

PS - Personal Statement Example I have observed good intentions in nearly every person, and have come to conclude that the world is not as complicated and evil as most people believe. It is our role to beautify the world. We can all achieve this by cherishing each other as we do our friends and family. I am passionate about by career and personal life because I have faith in my academic, professional and social efforts. Academically, I lean more on scientific facts that religious speculations. This is because I have a preference for mathematics and design. I might not be proficiently skilled at reading, but I share different perspectives about the significance of reading. It is essential not to disregard literacy, but the skill of reading is not as important to me as understanding methodical researches. I appreciate communication with other people because teamwork is an important aspect of design and research. I spend my leisure time engaging in a variety of activities. I have always loved to dance since I was six, and still do as a hobby. I also intend to become a professional dancer in traditional Chinese dance, as well as ballet and hip-hop. I believe Information Systems and Technology is an excellent field. I am eager to enter information systems and technology placement. I want to find a program that provides the prospects to train in a well-organized and well-managed surrounding with IT specialists who will empower me to realize my upmost

Assignment 5 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

5 - Assignment Example It is mentioned that it is important not only to attract and employ the top talent but also provide them with a suitable work environment that is considerate of their needs as professionals (Clark). With the advent of technology, the fresh graduates from top colleges are tech savvy and require independence as far as work is concerned. Thus, in order to satisfy them organizations need to break their cultural mindset and be more flexible towards conditions that complement  their  performance. The article suggests that the procurement leader needs to be opening minded so as to how to make each member of his team feel at ease. Since the millennial have always been technologically savvy and require technologically sound facilities that can facilitate their work process, the leaders of procurement teams should accommodate them and allow them the discretion of doing things their way to a certain extent and recognize them for the outcome of their work. Today’s professionals are generally inquisitive about the why aspect of every decision and require a logical backing for every instruction they are given. Technology might increase their work efficiency and time consumption rate but their thought process is also enhance d as a result thus they prefer to work in organizations that are transparent and have their decisions clearly laid out for all the participants to reason, comprehend and ultimately act upon them effectively. Another aspect covered in the chosen article is that of continuous training and development. Professionals of today seek organizations that provide them with the adequate training that hones and nurtures their existing knowledge and help them gain sustainable knowledge that is periodically enhanced through training sessions In a nutshell the article suggests that the procurement leaders need to be open to change and strive to continuously equip their organization and teams with the

The Powerful Eunuchs Of China History Essay

The Powerful Eunuchs Of China History Essay Their stories are almost completely shrouded in mystery. These people are mentioned only as minute details in historical accounts, their lives often kept in seclusion from the world, probably even from history itself. These people play major roles in the unfolding of significant historical events, yet they are rarely even mentioned. From the shadows, they exercise their power. From behind the scenes, they carefully manipulate the government to their own interests. These incomplete men are very powerful. Yet, at the same time, they are pitiful. Their seemingly quick rise to power comes at a price, a price almost as valuable as their very lives. These people are called eunuchs. Eunuchs: An Introduction A eunuch, in general, is a term given to castrated men. However, for the purpose of this paper, the term eunuchs will be used to refer to Chinese eunuchs; more specifically, those that were in imperial service during the era of Chinas dynastic rule. Eunuchs served the primary function as guards and servants in womens quarters and to the emperors. But in time they gained power and control as they gained functions as advisers to the emperors of China (Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online 2010). In fact, in certain time periods, the eunuchs grew to be more powerful than the emperor. Indeed, the role of eunuchs in the Ming Dynasty has become an important portrayal of political society of that era (Hammond 2002). Castration started out as a form of punishment, particularly for the crime of rape. But as eunuchs became more and more popular and rich, poor families opted to have their sons castrated for a chance at a better life in the Imperial Court (Scholz 2001). From the definition itself, one becomes a eunuch by undergoing the process of castration. While castration is usually viewed as a gruesome and horrific procedure, there are some accounts that have actually romanticized it. In Piotr Scholzs Eunuchs and Castrati, there is a cultural account left by the emperors last eunuch, Sun Yao-ting pertaining to the delicate procedure of castration. In his account, he explains that the process starts by setting a date when the castration will be performed. He narrated that they would notify the person to be castrated that he must quickly urinate after the procedure so that his urethra would not be blocked and not get infected. The person, consequently then drinks lots of water to prepare for the ur ination. Then the castrator takes a rope and ties the one to be castrated in such a way that he was unable to move his hands or feet, (Scholz 2001, 137). After that, he prays for guidance with incense sticks. Then he moves on with the slicing of the organ. The mutilation is vividly described as fountains of red, white and yellow liquid gushing from the wound (Scholz 2001, 137). Then the castrator inserts a goose quill into the urethra of the castrated so as to retain the opening formed by the slit. Then finally, the castrator treats the wounds with tampons dipped in wax, sesame oil and paper. A few days later, after the castrated man urinates, and in essence his excretory system is functioning well again, he is checked if he is already cleared to go to the palace. Once all the preparations are complete, before he leaves for the palace, the castrator gives the castrated a package wrapped in oilpaper and instructs him on what to do with the package. The castrator says that for everything to go well, he must follow that set of instructions: When youre in the palace, put it in a bushel of grain, hang the bushel on the beam supporting the ceiling of your room and raise it a little higher each year. Then it will protect you and ensure you that you will grow every year. And remember one more thing: when you are near death, it must be with you in the grave or the six lines of your ancestors will be incomplete. Those who are neither man nor woman cannot be reborn!(Scholz 2001, 138). So basically, even after the castration process, there is a routine to be followed by the castrated . The responsibility of the eunuch to the part that has been separated from his has not been lost but must carry on till his death. Castration leads to several physical and supposedly emotional and mental changes among castrates. Depending on the age in which castration took place, eunuchs vary in characteristics. Often, males who are castrated earlier in boyhood generally do not obtain the male characteristics obtained during puberty. Facial hair and pubic hair do not grow and their voice remains high pitched and unchanged. Males, who are castrated well after their puberty, will still grow pubic hair despite the absence of facial hair. The pubic hair will however, be much more diminished. A common characteristic among eunuchs though is the characteristic of never going bald. (Wilson and Roehrborn) As such, eunuchs were unable to have heirs and were thus seen to be more trusted as it would prevent dynastic overthrows by their heirs. In fact, it was this very reason why the Chinese dynasties sought to utilize eunuchs as servants and attendants to the emperor and his family, and even other high-ranking officials in the government. Essentially, the main reason why people aspired to become eunuchs was the having the honor of working as an imperial attendant, which more often than not meant an improvement of economic status. On numerous occasions, fathers would have their sons castrated as early as seven years old in order for their sons to leave for the imperial palace as soon as they recover from the castration. Especially among poorer families, having someone from the family become a eunuch meant honor, and economic improvement. For the eunuch himself, becoming a eunuch meant indirect access to power and relationships with the higher officials. History of Eunuchs Historical anthropologic evidence proves that the earliest eunuchs emerged from the Shang Dynasty. According to Piotr Scholz Eunuchs and Castrati, In 1976 little figurines of servants (c. 9 cm in height) were discovered in the grave of Fu Hao, wife of Emperor Wu-ting (Wu-ding); they are the oldest known representations of palace eunuchs, (Scholz 2001, 129). This is proven by statues excavated in Lingjiatan. The statues excavated show no distinct sexual characteristics. Originally, castration was used very early as a form of punishment both for criminals among ones own population and for prisoners taken in war, (Scholz 2001, 131). Here it is clear that castration was not intended to be beneficial to the castrated as what has later turned out in the course of history. What is fascinating is how the paradigm shifted from the eunuchs being looked down upon, to them almost assuming most of the imperial powers. Such series of events will lead to famous rise of the eunuchs to their subtle fading. Sun Yao-ting (1902-1996), the last eunuch of Emperor Pu-I, tells of how he was insulted by a Chinese Republican officer with the line: Since time immemorial, you eunuchs have been the ruin of China! (Scholz 2001, 131). This was because, with regards to castration as punishment, it is most likely assumed that it was used early on as a substitute for the death penalty in cases involving political crimes, (Scholz 2001, 133). With this, as Piotr Scholz further writes: This allows us that eunuchs represented a political intelligentsia that did not conform to the notions of the dominant Confucian bureaucracy which was constantly trying to shape the empire in its own imageà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Scholz 2001, 133). The way it really was is therefore contradictory to the previous claim of the Chinese Republican who looked down on eunuchs when the fact that the reason for their castration was the fear of their intellect and political prowess comes into play. The eunuch Tsao Tsao (144-220 C.E.), son of eunuch Tsao Sung and grandson of eunuch Tsao Teng, even became the grand counselor and was a victorious general. Tsao Teng, the grandfather, have already been influential enough because he had already owned a large land and has served four emperors, but Tsao Tsao became part of the circle that helped Emperor Huan-Ti (r. 146-167 C.E.) to ascend the throne, following the murder of Huans predecessor, Liang Chi. (Scholz 2001, 143). Furthermore, when child emperor An-ti (106-125 C.E.) was enthroned, he was involved in every conceivable kind of intrigue at court. (Scholz 2001, 143). Because of this and through Empress Dowager Tengs help, he also gained favor and influence over the prince and next emperor Shun, such that during the reign of Emperor Shun (126-144 C.E.) of the Han Dynasty, the eunuchs reached the peak of their powers when they were allowed to adopt sons to succeed them and go to even greater heights. They even became personal secret aries (shang-shu) to the emperor, (Scholz 2001, 143). Ultimately, Tsao Tsaos son, Tsao Pei (188-227) soon ruled as emperor himself. However, with great power comes great responsibility, such that during the reign of Emperor Yuan Shao (189 C.E.) during the Han Dynasty, thousands of them [eunuchs] were slaughteredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in an attempt to curtail their influence, (Scholz 2001, 135). It is clear then that eunuchs got the point when they were feared even by the strongest imperial power, the emperor. But because Emperor Yuan Shao never succeeded in finishing the eunuchs off, their intellect was, rather than countered, utilized once more, thus marking the rebirth of the eunuchs shaping of the kingdom. By 800 C.E., the situation had reached a point where eunuchs have become a determining factor in choosing who was to accede to the imperial throne, (Scholz 2001, 146). Eunuchs had the preference of Buddhism over Confucianism because they found it congenial to their life. But in the course of the 9th century, as old doctrines were revived, Buddhist doctrine and practice was decreed as un-Chinese, (Scholz 2001, 148). In 903, eunuchs who had accompanied the emperor to their last day were killed in a bloody massacre led by Chu Chuan-chung (Zhu Wen, 907-923), the founder of the later Liang Dynasty, (Scholz 2001, 149). With the collapse of the Ming Dynasty, the eunuchs collapsed as well. Due to the high level of corruption in government, it was running out of capital. Inflation compounded the impact of dwindling resources. As local administrative costs rose, the imperial government levied irregular taxes to meet pressing financial obligations (Atwell 1988). With this, the decline of the influence of eunuchs started as a new era ensued in which the court no longer regarded the aristocratic ideas of status and ritual, espoused by many eunuchs, as vital to maintaining the interests of the state. These ideas, in fact, degenerated into a seemingly ineffectual court etiquette, (Scholz 2001, 149). But its not as if though they were stripped of all their power in the court, they were still assigned positions and sent to expeditions. The difference is that they no longer directly affected the decisions of the emperor. Eunuchs were perceived as very corrupt officials. Despite having only meager salaries, upon their deaths, their massive fortunes were discovered. An example is the eunuch Li Yung-chen (1583-1628). When he was executed in 1628, his confiscated properties were said to have been worth 270,000 taels of silver. Ming historians contrast this to the annual wage for some manual workers in Beijing at the turn of the sixteenth century, was approximately 4.2 taels (Atwell 1988). This was due to the fact that they were known to misappropriate funds. Such practices were extremely common, to claim military supplies for 100,000 named soldiers when there were in fact only 50,000 troops, and only have less than half of the 50,000 needing the supplies. The court thus pays for four solders for one soldier (Atwell 1988). Such is only one example of the great corruption the eunuchs made. Eunuch influence in economic activities was made possible because they fulfilled the capricious demands of their emperors despite the growing financial needs of the state. Their positions allowed the eunuchs to build a base, which in turn strengthened their positions in the economic as well as political and military worlds. The power over labor, land and taxes made it impossible not to cooperate with eunuchs. This brought them to great power. Using such privileges, they were able to exploit the sy stem further to increase power and wealth (Crawford 1961). By 1644, it is estimated that there were 70,000 eunuchs in the palace alone and 100,000 in the entire empire (Crawford 1961). At this point, castration became widespead and despite the emperors decrees against such, castration still became common for poorer families who could not afford to send their children to school (Crawford 1961). Compounded by the fact that the emperor was not consistent, eunuchization became very rampant as a means to get rich and powerful easily. The Chinese imperial eunuchs ended with Sun Yao-ting as the last of the emperors eunuchs. He left an account that though it is embellished, it is of interest as an example of cultural history, (Scholz 2001, 136). It is important to note that what ended was the Chinese and imperial element of eunuchism. Eunuchism itself has existed far out through time into todays era and now has a new connotation depending on the culture and surrounding society of the eunuch. The Roles of Eunuchs in Government Eunuchs had been used as servants in the imperial palace since the late fourteenth century, and from the early fifteenth century, their functions, numbers, and power increased. By the mid-fifteenth century, eunuchs were a well-established element of the Ming bureaucracy, serving in the capital and in the provinces in both military and civil posts. Numbers fluctuated, but early in the sixteenth century, there are said to have been over 12,000 palace eunuchs in Beijing alone (Robinson 2010). The Ming government was divided among six ministries in the 1390s, Personnel, Revenues, War, Punishment, Rites, and Public Works (Tsai 1995). While each ministry had its own minister, they were really under direct control of the emperor, who frequently used his eunuchs to run the state. Constantly locked in adversary positions with the eunuchs, the scholars despised and hated the eunuchs, blaming them for the ills of society (Tsai 1995). Eunuch influence was greatest in periods of weak emperors. During the Ming Dynasty, where the eunuch abuses were most rampant, there were some periods of history where the eunuchs were practically running the empire. As emperors felt that eunuchs represented the best interests of the imperial family at heart, the contact between emperor and bureaucracy was carried entirely through eunuchs (Crawford 1961). Eunuchs were first organized into a Directorate of Palace Servants. But as their functions expanded beyond the inner court and their number increased, they were repeatedly reorganizeduntil after I400, they were finally organized into twenty-four offices. At this point, they had ceased to be entirely personal tools used at imperial discretion and became instead an institutionalized bureaucracy with its own inner development and history (Crawford 1961). In the final organization, there were twelve Directorates, four Offices, and eight Bureaus. Each Directorate had one Director with th e rank of 4a; a senior and junior Vice-director each with the rank of 4b; a senior and junior Assistant director with the rank of 5a; one Recorder with the rank of 6a; and a varying number of lesser officials. The Directorates had charge of such matters as staff supervision, imperial provisions and food, seals, ancient and modern archives, metal tokens given to meritorious statesmen, credentials, instructions, construction of storehouses, weddings, gunpowder, constructionof temples, the imperial insignia and tent, the imperial stables, military tallies and other such items. Some of these Directorates were thus closely associated with the Ministry of War (Crawford 1961). The main contribution of eunuchs was in the field of military and secret service. Emperors used eunuchs as emissaries to foreign countries. In fact, by the end of the Ming Dynasty, what existed of the central military arm was largely in the hands of eunuchs (Crawford 1961). In the end, the eunuchs were less like household servants meddling in state affairs and more like an administrative hierarchy who exercised powers in all areas of government (Tsai 1995). Famous Eunuchs of Ancient China Eunuchs were often seen as the antagonist to the Confucian court officials. Differing in priorities, they had different agendas. While most eunuchs have been depicted negatively and in an antagonistic manner, there were some eunuchs that rose above and became important figures in Chinese history, and there is no other greater eunuch than Zheng He (also Cheng Ho). Zheng He was from the early Ming dynasty and was both a Muslim and a Eunuch. He had won the reputation as a great diplomat and military strategist. Unlike most eunuchs, he was a delegated in the military, in charge of seven official oceanic expeditions, a first in Chinese history. With an armada of 63 ships, Zheng He traveled around the world, first primarily to South East Asia, then eventually to the Middle East and Africa (Willetts 1964). In fact, he was even known to have brought back some African animals such as giraffes, lions, and tigers from the fifth expedition (Willetts 1964). Zheng He died in extreme old age in 144 4. Despite numerous voyages that brought China closer to the world, scholars agree that the voyages actually had no practical results, essentially meaning that it was a waste of money and that from the perspective of the Ming dynasty, it was an absolute waste of resources given that they were not empire builders, Ming did not have a sense of mission (Willetts 1964). This then provides an answer as to why after Zheng Hes final voyage of 1431, there no on longer any naval excursions by the Chinese. But while there were no longer any naval operations afterwards, in the time that Zheng He lived, he was by no means the only eunuch in the high seas (Willetts 1964). In contrast to Zheng He who had the best intentions are the four infamous tyrannical eunuch dictators, Wei ZhongXian in the late Ming, Wang Zhen in the 1440s, Wang Zhi in the 1470s, and Liu Jin in the 1500s (Dillon 1998). Wang Zhen was voluntarily castrated as a youth and entered palace eunuch school. Wang was made Director of Ceremonial when Emperor Ying-tsung ascended. He was killed by an army on its retreat (Crawford 1961). Liu Jin was also voluntarily castrated. He attached himself to a higher eunuch in order to advance, then subsequently took the position. He was put in charge of the Bureau of Cymbals and Gongs. But more than that, he controlled the secret police Eastern Depot. He is considered to be one of the eight tigers (Crawford 1961). Wei is often compared to Yang Lian, a Confucian adviser who late becomes an adversary. Their tales are often contrasted as they both experienced hardship in becoming high officials in the court. Yang Lian had to study and take many licensure exams in order to receive what is equivalent to the doctorate, while Wei ZhongXian had to live castrated and maneuvers his way in the eunuch system (Tsai 1995). As a child, Wei chose castration as a way out of his gambling debt (Crawford 1961). Because of his cunning nature, he was able to work his way into the system and become a grand eunuch in the Ceremonial Directorate of the Ming court. As a palace eunuch, he cheated his superiors and gained advantages by swindling them. But amidst that cruel life, his path into becoming a eunuch was a turbulent one, scarred emotionally, physically, and psychologically. Physically, his hormone levels caused wrinkled skin, stiffened joints, and weak muscles. Eventually, he became evidently more feminine than masculine (Tsai 1995). In order to rise above the ranks, Wei aligned himself only with the most powerful eunuchs and palace women. He worked first in the imperial stable, moving his way up until he became assigned to be the cook for Emperor Wanlis grandson, who later became Emperor Tianqi (Tsai 1995). It was this connection that gained him much of the fame and fortune. It was cooking for Tianqi as well that he met Ke, Tianqis mistress. The teenage Tianqi felt a deep, more than childlike devotion to Mistress Ke. In fact it was Ke who recommended Wei in 1622 to become the grand eunuch in the most powerful Ceremonial Directorate (Tsai 1995). Together with Ke, Wei had an improper and unhealthy influence on the young emperor. Wei received the emperors approval to train a eunuch army, and he was also made director of a secret police establishment called the Eastern Depot (Tsai 1995). He used his position to remove people he deemed undesirable and began a reign of terror by demoting and then murdering his former patron. As Tianqi lived a life of luxury, Wei killed countless number of people, dismissed honorable officials, stole jewelry from the imperial treasure, and acquired riches for his family (Tsai 1995). It was then tha t Yang Lian, now a censor, decided to impeach Wei. While 100 other officials sided with yang in denouncing Wei, Tianqi stood by Wei and ordered the high ranking officials including Yang to be flogged to death (Tsai 1995). It was only upon Tianqis death at the age of 23 that the reign of terror ended. Wei left Beijing with a guard of 800 eunuchs, 1000 horses, 40 wagonloads of jewelry. On his way to a prison outside Nanjing, he took his only and his copse was dismembered and displayed in his hometown as a warning to the public (Tsai 1995). Modern Eunuchs The word modern eunuchs may refer to either of two things: one, a modern eunuch may refer, in literal sense, to people who have been castrated, and two, it may also refer to people who are not the highest ruling body but play a big role in forming the decisions of the said ruling body through their political influence. With regards to the first meaning, it is not surprising that eunuchs still exist today since castration has not been fully ruled out as a punishment for heavy crimes. Reports about the activities and movements of eunuchs are spread out on the news all over the world, and clichà © enough, the world has some good news and bad news about eunuchs. Starting off with bad news so as not to break spirits after lifting them with the good news, news from BBC News South Asia reports that in India, eunuchs actually cut off mans penis. This is according to BBC correspondent in Himachal Pradesh, India, Baldev Chaunan. According to the report, the victim, Sonu, has been working as a drummer with a group of eunuchs, because apparently, dalits in India live by turning up uninvited at weddings, births and other major family events and singing until they are paid enough to go away. The said report also says that the reason why the eunuchs cut off the mans penis was unclear. It is just known fact that Eunuchs in India generally live in self-contained communities, ostracized [sic] by the rest of society. Countering this ruling fact is a news report by Reuters India dated November 10,2006 that reports: Dancing and singing eunuchs are knocking on doors in the Indian City of Patna in a bid to embarrass shopkeepers into paying their taxes. It is further said in the news article that they were hired by the government as a new shock strategy to make tax evaders pay their lot. It has been proven in the report that this strategy has worked, and who knows? It might just be the solution to the tax evasion that has been going on in India for some time. The eunuchs dont go home penniless either, they were promised by the taxmen 4% of the total commission. So the strategy was indeed a win-win case for both parties. It would be pleasing to hear that there still are good news like these once in a while where even the ostracized get to contribute to the betterment of the country. Now the meaning of eunuchs as castrated individuals may, in itself, take a figurative form with the meaning anyone who has lost their balls or sense of manliness. To be straightforward about it, the third sex, especially gays who have lost their balls when they decided that they were women trapped in a mans body, and transsexuals, who have had reconstructions of certain body parts, fall under this classification of modern eunuchs. This is because not only should the physical aspect of a human be considered, what is important to the person should also be considered, for what is a part if its meaning is empty? A mans genital would be just another part of the body if he does not give value to it nor take care of it. From this angle, it could be said that those who belong to the third sex and transsexuals are also eunuchs. Finally, eunuchs have always been known to have influential powers over the ruling forces, so ultimately, for the researchers of this topic, people who are influential enough to make the slightest differences in the decision of the higher authorities are also to be considered as eunuchs. People such as Chiz Escudero who, though he is part of the opposition, which is even the counter force of the administration, makes an impact on the decision that the authorities make and on the moves they execute next. A lot of forces outside the administration are actually making slightest effects on the decrees that the president makes. For example, rich and powerful clans like the Lopezes and Cojuangcos are always taken into consideration in the making of policies although they are not necessarily part of the ruling force itself. They are eunuchs not by appearance, but by essence. Insights and Learnings So in the course of writing this paper about Chinese eunuchs, we, the researchers, have learned a lot and have acquired a lot of insights in relation with eunuchs. And with that, we contest with the thought that the eunuchs rose to power. There can be no rise of they were at the top to begin with. How can I say that they were already at the top when castration was a grave punishment to begin with? and Shouldnt it be that they started from humble beginnings and rose from the ranks? are some of the questions that might grapple with us in this matter. Here we reiterate the point mentioned in the history part of this paper; the part that says that eunuchs were castrated in exchange for death penalty. It also said that they were castrated because of political crimes. There is logic as to why this assumption could be drawn. If what the person has done has been completely barbaric and criminal like stealing and killing, then the government might as well do off without them, but in this case , the government didnt kill the criminals. Why? Because the crimes they have committed were political crimes. They were crimes against the ruling political view, Confucianism. In short, the soon-to-be-eunuchs were actually political analysts in the sense that they were able to find flaws and possibly solutions to the flaws in the government. This is why instead of disposing them; the government was able to use them as political advisors of some sort in the form of what would soon be called eunuchs. They already had this richness in them to begin with, the richness of knowledge of what to do, of whats wrong and how to correct that wrong. They were already powerful in that whatever the emperor couldnt solve, they already had a plan of action in their minds. Ranking was of no relevance. After all, there is no way to measure knowledge in its most raw form. What could be measured is the ratio of intelligence to age or IQ, but that isnt knowledge in itself. More than this insight, we were able to learn a few things in relation with eunuchs. People cant have everything. This is a chip from the clichà ©: nobodys perfect. People cant be rich, famous, intelligent, influential and still have no flaws. We just realized that one way or another, no matter how high up they are, there will always be one thing they lack. Well, in the case of eunuchs, the readers should know by now what the rich, intelligent and influential eunuchs lack. Thats right. Facial hairà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and more. Also, what goes up, must come down, is another learning from this topic about eunuchs. When there is too much yang, yin must sink in. Meaning, there must always be balance. Things will always return to their normal state. They will always try to equalize themselves out. A ball launched high into the sky, no matter the peak height, will always go back to the ground right after. The closer you are to something, the harder it is to see it. The emperors really had a ha rd time solving their problems. It was because they were in too deep that they forgot to look at the bigger picture and how to move the puzzle pieces in that picture. They needed an outsiders perspective to assess and evaluate the situation because they are the ones who are able to see clearly. It is important sometimes to look at the thing as a whole to see what is wrong with it from a different and easier-to-handle angle.