Malcolm X An African American Pioneer - 1403 Words

Malcolm X was an African-American pioneer and conspicuous figure in the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X verbalized ideas of race pride and dark patriotism in the 1950s and 60s. Conceived on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska, Malcolm X was a noticeable dark patriot pioneer who served as a representative for the Nation of Islam amid the 1950s and 60s. Because of his endeavors, the Nation of Islam developed from a simple 400 individuals at the time he was discharged from jail in 1952 to 40,000 individuals by 1960. Expressive, enthusiastic and a normally skilled and moving speaker, Malcolm X urged blacks to push off the shackles of prejudice by any methods important, including brutality. The searing social liberties pioneer broke with the gathering instantly before his death, February 21, 1965, at the Audubon Ballroom in Manhattan, where he had been get ready to convey a discourse. Malcolm X was conceived Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska. Malcolm was the fourth of eight youngsters destined to Louise, a homemaker, and Earl Little, an evangelist who was likewise a dynamic individual from the nearby part of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and eager supporter of dark patriot pioneer Marcus Garvey. Because of Earl Little s social liberties activism, the family confronted regular badgering from white supremacist gatherings, for example, the Ku Klux Klan and one of its fragment groups, the Black Legion. Truth be told, Malcolm X had his first experienceShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King And Malcolm X1171 Words   |  5 Pages Martin Luther King and Malcolm X were pioneers in America’s Civil Rights Movement, with the goal of protecting and developing the black community. They wanted to achieve the same goal but, with very different approaches. While King was more of the â€Å"peaceful protesting† type, X was the †Å"eye for an eye† type, in the beginning of his journey. Both of these men demanded respect and acquired it. Their wives Coretta Scott King and Betty Dean Sanders took over their legacies after their passingRead MoreMartin Luther King And Malcolm X988 Words   |  4 Pagesreminder for why African Americans are here and why the way we are today. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X are two very great examples and representations for this. What people do not realize is that there are a lot of similarities and differences between Malcolm and Martin. Martin was born and raised as a middle classes men and was extremely educated. On the other hand, Malcolm was not raised like Malcolm at all. Malcolm grew up in a deplorable environment and no school was around for Malcolm. MartinRead MoreRacism Is The Conviction Of The Demise Of More Than 62 Million Individuals2483 Words   |  10 Pageseffect on history than any other structure. Prejudice is a one of the greatest reason for suicide, one tenth of individuals who commit suicide in a year are people of color people. Racism has changed many people s views towards white people as well. Malcolm X s life was changed due to bigotry. Prejudice was the motivation behind his becoming into a vagrant and why his jail sentence was extended. His perspective of white people changed and as a result of it found out about Islam. This exposition willRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech1805 Words   |  8 Pages1963, social equality extremist Martin Luther King, Jr. conveyed a standout amongst the most popular talks in American history. His I Have a Dream discourse was planned to motivate the 250,000 individuals at the Washington, D.C., rally and past to consider a world in which high contrast kids could learn and becom e together. The message served as a main impetus in propelling political pioneers and subject activists to push for more prominent balance and a conclusion to isolation. Temperament is an abstractRead MoreMartin Luther King, Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, The Black Panthers Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesMartin Luther King , Rosa Parks, Malcolm X, The Black Panthers All These Names Sound Familiar Because They Were Very Powerful People And Will Never Be Forgotten. In The History Of The United States There Have Been Many Social Changes That Have Happened. The Civil Rights Movement Of The 1960 s Was A Standout Amongst The Most Critical And Imperative For The Balance Surprisingly. After The Nullification of Servitude In 1863, There Had Been A Ceaseless Clash Between The Races Of Individuals WhoRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Martin Luther King Jr, as Opposed to Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Dubois and Malcom X2045 Words   |  9 PagesThe Influence of One Man After slavery was abolished, African Americans worked to integrate into mainstream American society. 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TheirRead More Aime Cesaires A Tempest Clarifies Shakespeares The Tempest1683 Words   |  7 Pagesintellectuals, reflects an important and comprehensive reaction to the colonial situation of European colonization (Carlberg).   This movement, which influenced Africans as well as blacks around the world, specifically rejects the political, social, and moral domination of the West.  Ã‚   Leopold Senghor, Leon Damas, and Aime Cesaire are the three pioneers of the revolution.   The founder who expresses his ideas more broadly, though, is Cesaire, who uses literary works to express his viewpoint on colonizationRead MoreMaya Angelou994 Words   |  4 Pagesall the odds. During her childhood, she absorbed the faith and values of a traditional African American family such as love and respect for one another. She refused to back down from a challenge. She provides an excellent example of a strong, confident African American woman. She is not ashamed of where she came from. Her upbringings have helped shape the woman she is today. She is proud to be an African American woman in a time when black women are being degraded in all forms. She is a glowing exampleRead MoreThe Southern Manifesto By Howard Smith1009 Words   |  5 Pagesof dark transport travelers and the common noncompliance of Rosa Parks, and after that legitimized the peaceful dissent by speaking to African-American Christian confidence in adoration and equity and the American fair convention of lawful challenge (Gottheimer, 1955). The Civil Rights Movement Almost 100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans in Southern states still occupied a starkly unequal universe of disappointment, isolation and different types of abuse, including race-enlivenedRead MoreThurgood Marshall Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesThurgood Marshall was a great African American Civil Rights activist who changed a lot of lives in the United States. As a passionate lawyer and prominent Supreme Court justice he fought for Civil Rights and social justice in the courts and believed that racial integration is best for all schools. Very early in his professional life Marshall broke down racial barriers and overcame resistance despite the odds. He then became a role model of the disciplined leader, although he didn’t have the

The Ethics Of Medical Expenses - 1861 Words

It is common for individuals in the United States to deduct surgeries as medical expense. Whether they claim the surgery to be a legitimate medical condition that needs to be treated or in some cases professionals will deduct their surgery as business expense. Profession is defined as a paid occupation that is involved in training and formal qualification. It is the skills that he or she has that are engaged in a specific activity, as the individual is using the skill to be competent in performing the activity. According to  ¶ 1506 of the Federal Tax Handbook it explains that business expense is when â€Å"Individuals, corporations and other taxpayers generally can deduct ordinary and necessary expenses paid or incurred during the tax year in carrying on any trade or business† However, the issue that arises is that the Tax Handbook does not clearly define what requires one to be a business or what the limits are for a individual or business to claim a medical expense to be deductible. It explains in  ¶ K-2400 that medical expenses are paid during the taxable year which are deductible, this is regardless of the event or incident or event which occasioned the expenses occurred and regardless of the method of accounting by the taxpayer. In IRC 213 it explains that deductible medical expenses are paid for the diagnosis cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease or the purpose of affecting any structure or function of the body. It is the physicians discretion to decideShow MoreRelatedInmates and Organ Transplants: An Ethical Dilemma Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s medical field there is a profuse amount of room for ethical questioning concerning any procedure performed by a medical professional. According to the book Law Ethics for Medical Careers, by Karen Judson and Carlene Harrison, ethics is defined as the standards of behavior, developed as a result of one’s concept of right and wrong (Judson, Harrison, 2010). With that in mind, organ transplants for inmates has become a subject in which many people are asking questions as to whether itRead MoreCase Analysis : Hewsen Chemical Inc.1229 Words   |  5 PagesSatina Tuladhar Dr. Makkawi ACCT 406.101 10/19/14 Ethics Case: Articview Hewsen Chemical Inc. is a small, privately-held producer of specialty chemicals used in testing labs and other manufacturing firms. Mary Benninger got a position as controller and office manager at Hewsen Chemical. After working for few years, Mary started to notice some unethical behavior of her supervisors. Mary seeks advice of her old friend Tom Chu on how she should react to the unethical things taking place inside theRead MoreChallenges Facing The Health Care Industry1626 Words   |  7 Pagesdemographic changes of aging population and professional providers responsibilities to practice within the code of ethics. A solution is recommended to each challenge in healthcare with suggestion of more research needed to improve quality care performance, avoid workers shortage crisis and strategy to decrease health care expenses. Keywords: quality care, ethics, demographic, health reform, aging Future challenges in health care Introduction One ofRead MoreThe Ethics Of Public Health863 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to the ethic of public health and medical health, they hold two totally different definitions. The ethics of public health is when the focus is more on the freedoms of privacy and actions, as long as they do not harm others.â€Å"In public health ethics, autonomy, the right of privacy, and freedom of action are recognized in so far as they do not result in harm to others† (Williams Torrens, 2008). When considering medical ethics the focus on the concerns of individuals and their libertiesRead MoreCase Analysis : Incident At Morales1189 Words   |  5 Pages1. Incident at Morales â€Å"Incident at Morales† is a video that presents an engineering ethics story. It was developed and produced by the National Institute for Engineering Ethics, in conjunction with Murdough center for Engineering Professionalism at Texas Tech University. In addition to this, a lot of funding came from other companies, engineering universities, societies, as well as individual contributors. The main focus of this video is the ethical responsibilities that engineers have to face alongRead MoreHealthcare Accounting Principles and Ethics1160 Words   |  5 PagesNon-Compensation: Precise details of the financial information should be represented, and auditors should not attempt to compensate a debt with an asset, a revenue with an expense, etc. Principle of Prudence: Prudence is an accounting principle that ensures assets and income are not exaggerated and that liabilities and expenses are not underreported. 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Using Kantian ethics as a model, one can determine that: It is morally permissible to engage in voluntary acts of euthanasia; it is morally permissible to engage in acts of nonvoluntary euthanasia, and; it is never morally permissible to engage in acts of involuntary euthanasiaRead MoreEthical Principles in the Medical Field1063 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Ethics Patients should be treated with respect and politely since they are in a fragile state and more so, they have their own right as an individual. It is the duty of a caregiver or anyone responsible for his /her health to do anything in order to promote the patients health. Therefore, it is wrong for somebody taking care of a patient, to burden or impose strenuous activities on him/her. In this case, the first thing to do after learning of the events which has taken place in you absence

Purchasing Management Acquisition of Products

Question: Discuss about thePurchasing ManagementforAcquisition of Products. Answer: In todays competitive environment the progressive firms like Sheng Siong tries to maintain product quality and competitive price. The product quality increases the customer satisfaction. The purchasing managers have selected the suppliers based on their capabilities. The current aim of the purchase managers is to increase the efficient suppliers base. As stated by Spina et al. (2013), the purchasing manager has selected the suppliers based on those who continually outperform the competition. The purchasing managers have carefully analyzed and evaluated the demand of the customers. The professional purchasing managers of Sheng Siong have realized the importance of good and healthy food products and the value-added capacity of the suppliers. It has been noticed that selection of suppliers has become a competitive weapon for increasing business and maintaining customer satisfaction. As stated by Luzzini et al. (2012), the purchasing managers have to implement strategic partnership with the suppliers. Introduction: The purchasing manager manages the acquisition of products as per the requirement of the organization. As stated by Barney (2012), the purchasing managers select the suppliers. They are also responsible for managing issues and implementing new strategies to reduce the purchasing cost. It has been observed that the purchasing managers have implemented an information communication strategy for enhancing the purchasing operation and management (Weele Raaij, 2014). In this assignment, the criteria for selecting suppliers and the issues regarding the suppliers have been discussed. The implemented information and communication technology system for purchasing operation has been described. The purchasing cost analysis has been conducted for implementing the appropriate tools. Sheng Siong is the third largest chain retail organization in Singapore (Weele Raaij, 2014). This organization was founded in 1985 (shengsiong.com, 2016). The organization has already expanded their business and opened 40 stores in Singapore. The organization has the largest grocery and fresh food supermarkets retailing chain in Singapore (Spina et al., 2013). The organization sells grocery products, food products and ready to eat products (Barney, 2012). It has been observed that the organization has collected the products directly from the manufacturers. The purchasing managers have divided the product segment into three different categories such as featured items, newest items and best selling items. NTUC FairPrice Co-operative Pte Ltd is the main market competitor of Sheng Siong. NTUC has more than 33% market share in Singapore (Spina et al., 2013). On the other hand, the 24 hours store open strategy has increased the popularity of NTUC (Luzzini et al., 2012). It has been observ ed that Sheng Siong has implemented a new distribution centre in Mandai Link to increase the operational efficiency. It has been observed that the Mandai Link Distribution centre has increased their productive capacity (Monczka et al., 2015). The organization has also implemented a warehouse product processing unit and needs product distributional centers to sell larger quantities of goods and thereby earn greater benefits (Weele Raaij, 2014). Therefore, the aim of the organization is to reduce the food waste in other stages of the supply chain and improve the relation with suppliers for better business operation. Suppliers Selection Criteria and Issues: Figure 1: strategic partnership (Source: Spina et al., 2013) Issues: As stated by Monczka et al. (2015), the core capabilities are not identified by all business organizations proficiently. It has been observed that most of the inhouse decisions of the customers are taken by considering the capabilities and capacities. It has been observed that the consumer organizations take higher time for analyzing the value of the strategic business partners or the consultants (Walker Jones, 2012). It has been observed that the organization was unable torecognize that the products or services offered by them are approaching to maturity. The purchasing managers of Sheng Siong have observed that the competitors have attracted the customers with new technology and new food items. Therefore, the purchasing managers have to implement the key factors to make or buy success. The purchasing managers have to perform in a rationalized assessment of the organizations capabilities (Hartmann, Kerkfeld Henke, 2012). The purchasing managers have to evaluate the alternative strategic partnership arrangements. After evaluating the vendor companies, the purchasing managers have to select the appropriate suppliers (Luzzini et al., 2012). The purchasing managers have to evaluate the requirement of the organization and the customers and instruct the suppliers to supply those products. The purchasing managers have to specify the product attributes. They also need to forecast the expected requirements. The purchasing managers have to ensure right quality food product at a reasonable price. As opined by Priem and Swink, (2012), every business section should understand about the individual activities which have major impacts on overall strategy execution of the firm. It has been observed that factors like purchasing activities, supply chain management, and production controlling are linked together under the overall business process. Therefore product outsourcing is the responsibility of the purchasing managers (Pooler Pooler, 2012). It has been observed that purchasing managers have managed the supply chain management process. The basis of the supply chain management is the idea of efficient coordination of the resources and teamwork. The purchasing managers have to maintain the buyers and suppliers relationship for uninterrupted supply of fresh and good quality foo d and grocery items (Monczka et al., 2015). Information and Communication Technology for Purchasing Operation: As stated by Tate, Ellram and Dooley, (2012), purchasing is a service function in the organization. The fundamental objective of the purchasing department is to provide good products at minimum price. It has been observed that the purchasing goal has been implemented by the purchase managers through two different evaluation processes such as general evolution and audit evaluation. It has been observed that purchase managers have implemented the general evaluation process by observing the needs of the organization (Schoenherr et al., 2012). It has been observed that the organization has implemented a happy family product segment to attract the customers. Such a type of marketing strategy has increased the demand of the products like rice, oil, sugar and daily grocery items. Therefore the purchase managers have observed that the organization has not maintained a perfect demand and supply ratio with their existing suppliers. Therefore, the purchasing managers have to involve some new su ppliers or vendor organizations to maintain the demand and supply balance (Luzzini et al., 2012). The purchasing managers have observed that purchasing goals of the organization include good and fresh product quality, reasonable price and on-time delivery. The purchasing managers have to understand the additional cost of expending the procurement. As stated by Ashby, A., Leat and Hudson-Smith, (2012), higher product price will reduce the customer satisfaction. On the other hand, the cost of failure will create excessive stock piling. As argued by Priem and Swink, (2012), the cost of failure may make the business obsolete. The purchasing manager has to measure the efficiency of the purchasing department. It has been observed that Sheng Siong has faced a product related problem (Luzzini et al., 2012). The management has failed to identify any problem but it dissatisfaction among customers is observed. The management has received numerous complaints regarding the quality and price of grocery (Chicksand et al., 2012). Therefore the purchasing manager has planned to evaluate the requi rement of the organization before suppliers involvement. ICT for Purchasing Management: It has been observed that the information and communication technology helps the purchasing managers in different aspects such as collecting information, evolution, communicate with sales department communicates with interested sellers and as well as market analysis. As stated by Giunipero, Hooker and Denslow (2012), the marketing managers have observed the changing trends of the Singapore market through the social networking sites. It has been found that the purchasing managers have taken the help of active communication systems to communicate with the sales managers and the administrative team while finalizing the deal with suppliers (Weele Raaij, 2014). Thus, the purchasing managers have to take the help of information technology and communication systems for their purchasing activities. The purchasing managers would need to implement information technology for analyzing the review report. Additionally, the purchasing managers have to implement the Business-To-Business E-Commerce software system (Barney, 2012). This particular software will help in streamlining the process of purchasing and improve the way of international communication. On the other hand, efficient database software will be used by the purchasing managers which are able to provide exact outputs which can be used as the inputs of the supply chain management system. As stated by Green et al., (2012), the relation between the purchasing and ICT will help the purchasing managers choosing the suppliers or sellers of foods and grocery items. Purchasing Cost Analysis: It has been observed that the purchasing managers have implemented the purchase cost analysis with an aim to make an audit report on that. The purchasing cost analysis depends on the purchasing goals and requirements of the organization. As stated by Priem and Swink (2012), the purchasing goal of a retail organization is to purchase the good quality products in a reasonable price from the seller organizations. The purchasing managers of Sheng Siong have observed that the food and grocery products require more awareness than regular products. On the other hand, the purchasing managers will also anticipate the purchasing price of the food products and grocery items (Giunipero, Hooker Denslow, 2012). It has been observed that the retail organizations have not stored the packaged foods for a long time. On the other hand, the retail organizations have preserved the products in antibacterial freezers and chillers which are highly cost effective. Therefore the purchasing team has to select the food items according to their market demand and quality (Chicksand et al., 2012). The purchasing manager has to evaluate the reports of the quality department with respect to particular items before signing the contract. It has been observed that the popular food and grocery retail organizations have purchased the items in large quantities and are made to stock with many available sources. However, the large organizations have high brand value and are confident to store large amounts of grocery items but this is not the same with the the small or medium retail organization, as they have to choose items which lead to the future success of the organization (Ashby, Leat Hudson-Smith, 2012). It has been observed that the some grocery retail organizations have preferred low price products and the repetitive buyers are their target customer segment. However, Sheng Siong is a large food items and grocery retailer in Singapore. Therefore the purchase managers would preserve the goods for future. As stated by Schoenherr et al. (2012), 60% suppliers have provided huge discounts on bulk orders. Therefore, the purchasing process will be cost efficient for the organization. As stated by Tate, Ellram and Dooley ( 2012), more than 80% organizations are interested in long-term capital investments because it would provide better stability in the business. Therefore the administrative team of Sheng Siong needs to support the purchasing managers to implement the long term investment on the purchasing process. The purchasing managers need to understand some specific factors for implementing a new purchasing strategy. The purchasing managers need to coordinate with the user department for identifying the perfect products (Pooler Pooler, 2012). The purchasing managers have to identify the potential suppliers for the firm. The purchasing managers have to conduct the proper market study for identifying the correct grocery items. The purchasing managers have to evaluate the proposals of the suppliers. After that the purchasing managers have to implement the cost analysis based on the purchase cost and sales profit. As stated by Hartmann, Kerkfeld and Henke, (2012), the purchasing managers have to evaluate the past issues of the suppliers. Thereafter, the purchasing managers have to arrange a meeting among the sales manager, suppliers and purchase managers for final negotiation (Walker Jones, 2012). After finalizing the purchase price, the purchasing managers them communicates the same to the administrators. Finally, the administrators take decision about the purchasing procedures of the purchasing managers. Conclusion: This report is based on the purchasing procedures of Sheng Siong and the operations of the purchasing managers. It has been observed that Sheng Siong tries to maintain the product quality and competitive price. The product quality increases the customer satisfaction. The purchasing managers have selected the suppliers based on their capabilities. The purchasing managers have implemented their strategy to improve the purchasing operations. However, it has been observed that the organization has faced some product related issues in the past few years. Therefore, the purchasing managers have to implement the strategic partnership strategy for selecting the sellers. The purchasing managers of Sheng Siong have observed that competitors have attracted the customers with new technology and new food items. The purchasing managers have to implement the new information technology for analyzing the purchase goals of the organization. Communication helps the purchasing managers in sending inform ation to the sellers and the administrators. The purchasing cost analysis will help the purchase managers to evaluate the purchasing goals of the retail organization which is to purchase good quality products at a reasonable price from the seller organizations. Reference list: Ashby, A., Leat, M., Hudson-Smith, M. (2012). Making connections: a review of supply chain management and sustainability literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), 497-516. Barney, J. B. (2012). Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resourceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ based theory.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 3-6. Chicksand, D., Watson, G., Walker, H., Radnor, Z., Johnston, R. (2012). Theoretical perspectives in purchasing and supply chain management: an analysis of the literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(4), 454-472. Giunipero, L. C., Hooker, R. E., Denslow, D. (2012). Purchasing and supply management sustainability: Drivers and barriers.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,18(4), 258-269. Green Jr, K. W., Zelbst, P. J., Meacham, J., Bhadauria, V. S. (2012). Green supply chain management practices: impact on performance.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(3), 290-305. Hartmann, E., Kerkfeld, D., Henke, M. (2012). Top and bottom line relevance of purchasing and supply management.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,18(1), 22-34. Luzzini, D., Caniato, F., Ronchi, S., Spina, G. (2012). A transaction costs approach to purchasing portfolio management.International Journal of Operations Production Management,32(9), 1015-1042. Monczka, R., Handfield, R., Giunipero, L., Patterson, J. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Pooler, D. J., Pooler, V. H. (2012).Purchasing and supply management: creating the vision. Springer Science Business Media. Priem, R. L., Swink, M. (2012). A demandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ side perspective on supply chain management.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 7-13. Schoenherr, T., Modi, S. B., Benton, W. C., Carter, C. R., Choi, T. Y., Larson, P. D., ... Wagner, S. M. (2012). Research opportunities in purchasing and supply management.International Journal of Production Research,50(16), 4556-4579. shengsiong.com,. (2016).Sheng Siong.Shengsiong.com.sg. Retrieved 10 June 2016, from https://www.shengsiong.com.sg/ Spina, G., Caniato, F., Luzzini, D., Ronchi, S. (2013). Past, present and future trends of purchasing and supply management: An extensive literature review.Industrial Marketing Management,42(8), 1202-1212. Tate, W. L., Ellram, L. M., Dooley, K. J. (2012). Environmental purchasing and supplier management (EPSM): Theory and practice.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,18(3), 173-188. Walker, H., Jones, N. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(1), 15-28. Weele, A. J., Raaij, E. M. (2014). The future of purchasing and supply management research: About relevance and rigor.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(1), 56-72.

The Evolution Of The Microprocessor Essays (2131 words)

The Evolution Of The Microprocessor The Evolution Of The Microprocessor Only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch every aspect of our lives. Such a device that changes the way we work, live, and play is a special one, indeed. The Microprocessor has been around since 1971 years, but in the last few years it has changed the American calculators to video games and computers (Givone 1). Many microprocessors have been manufactured for all sorts of products; some have succeeded and some have not. This paper will discuss the evolution and history of the most prominent 16 and 32 bit microprocessors in the microcomputer and how they are similar to and different from each other. Because microprocessors are a subject that most people cannot relate to and do not know much about, this paragraph will introduce some of the terms that will be in- volved in the subsequent paragraphs. Throughout the paper the 16-bit and 32-bit mi- croprocessors are compared and contrasted. The number 16 in the 16-bit microproces- sor refers how many registers there are or how much storage is available for the mi- croprocessor (Aumiaux, 3). The microprocessor has a memory address such as A16, and at this address the specific commands to the microprocessor are stored in the memory of the computer (Aumiaux, 3). So with the 16-bit microprocessor there are 576 places to store data. With the 32-bit microprocessor there are twice as many places to store data making the microprocessor faster. Another common term which is mentioned frequently in the paper is the oscil- lator or the time at which the processors"clock" ticks. The oscillator is the pace maker for the microprocessor which tells what frequency the microprocessor can proc- ess information, this value is measured in Mega-hertz or MHz. A nanosecond is a measurement of time in a processor, or a billionth of a second. This is used to measure the time it takes for the computer to execute an instructions, other wise knows as a cy- cle. There are many different types of companies of which all have their own family of processors. Since the individual processors in the families were developed over a fairly long period of time, it is hard to distinguish which processors were introduced in order. This paper will mention the families of processors in no particular order. The first microprocessor that will be discussed is the family of microprocessors called the 9900 series manufactured by Texas Instruments during the mid-70s and was developed from the architecture of the 900 minicomputer series (Titus, 178). There were five dif- ferent actual microprocessors that were designed in this family, they were the TMS9900, TMS9980A, TMS9981, TMS9985, and the TMS9940. The TMS9900 was the first of these microprocessors so the next four of the microprocessors where simply variations of the TMS9900 (Titus, 178). The 9900 series microprocessors runs with 64K memory and besides the fact that the 9900 is a 16-bit microprocessor, only 15 of the address memory circuits are in use (Titus, 179). The 16th address is used for the computer to distinguish between word and data functions (Titus, 179. The 9900 series microprocessors runs from 300 nanoseconds to 500 ns from 2MHz to 3.3MHz and even some variations of the original microprocessor where made to go up to 4MHz (Avtar, 115). The next microprocessor that will be discussed is the LSI-11 which was pro- duced from the structural plans of the PDP-11 minicomputer family. There are three microprocessors in the LSI-11 family they are the LSI-11, LSI-11/2, and the much im- proved over the others is the LSI-11/32 (Titus, 131). The big difference between the LSI-11 family of microprocessors and other similar microprocessors of its kind is they have the instruction codes of a microcomputer but since the LSI-11 microprocessor originated from the PDP-11 family it is a multi-microprocessor (Avtar, 207). The fact that the LSI-11 microprocessor is a multi-microprocessor means that many other mi- croprocessors are used in conjunction with the LSI-11 to function properly (Avtar, 207). The LSI-11 microprocessor has a direct processing speed of 16-bit word and 7- bit data, however the improved LSI-11/22 can directly process 64-bit data (Titus, 131). The average time that the LSI-11 and LSI-11/2 process at are 380 nanoseconds, while the LSI-11/23 is clocked at 300 nanoseconds (Titus, 132). There are some great strengths that lie in the LSI-11 family, some of which are the efficient way at which the microprocessor processes and the ability to run minicomputer software which leads to great hardware support (Avtar, 179). Although there are many strengths to the LSI- 11 family there are a couple of weaknesses, they have limited memory and the slow- ness of speed at which the LSI-11 processes at (Avtar, 179). The next major microprocessors in the microcomputing industry were the Z8001 and Z8002, however when the microprocessor entered into the market the term Z8000 was used to mean either or both of